Definition of a Percentile in Statistics

In statistics, percentiles are used to understand and interpret data. The nth percentile of a set of data is the value at which n percent of the data is below it. In everyday life, percentiles are used to understand values such as test scores, health indicators, and other measurements. For example, an 18-year-old male who is six and a half feet tall is in the 99th percentile for his height. This means that of all the 18-year-old males, 99 percent have a height that is equal to or less than six and a half feet. An 18-year-old male who is only five and a half feet tall, on the other hand, is in the 16th percentile for his height, meaning only 16 percent of males his age are the same height or shorter. Key Facts: Percentiles †¢ Percentiles are used to understand and interpret data. They indicate the values below which a certain percentage of the data in a data set is found.†¢ Percentiles can be calculated using the formula n (P/100) x N, where P percentile, N number of values in a data set (sorted from smallest to largest), and n ordinal rank of a given value.†¢ Percentiles are frequently used to understand test scores and biometric measurements. What Percentile Means Percentiles should not be confused with percentages. The latter is used to express fractions of a whole, while percentiles are the values below which a certain percentage of the data in a data set is found. In practical terms, there is a significant difference between the two. For example, a student taking a difficult exam might earn a score of 75 percent. This means that he correctly answered every three out of four questions. A student who scores in the 75th percentile, however, has obtained a different result. This percentile means that the student earned a higher score than 75 percent of the other students who took the exam. In other words, the percentage score reflects how well the student did on the exam itself; the percentile score reflects how well he did in comparison to other students. Percentile Formula Percentiles for the values in a given data set can be calculated using the formula: n (P/100) x N where N number of values in the data set, P percentile, and n ordinal rank of a given value (with the values in the data set sorted from smallest to largest). For example, take a class of 20 students that earned the following scores on their most recent test: 75, 77, 78, 78, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 90. These scores can be represented as a data set with 20 values: {75, 77, 78, 78, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 90}. We can find the score that marks the 20th percentile by plugging in known values into the formula and solving for n: n (20/100) x 20 n 4 The fourth value in the data set is the score 78. This means that 78 marks the 20th percentile; of the students in the class, 20 percent earned a score of 78 or lower. Deciles and Common Percentiles Given a data set that has been ordered in increasing magnitude, the median, first quartile,  and third quartile can be used split the data into four pieces. The first quartile is the point at which one-fourth of the data lies below it. The median is located exactly in the middle of the data set, with half of all the data below it. The third quartile is the place where three-fourths of the data lies below it. The median, first quartile, and third quartile can all be stated in terms of percentiles. Since half of the data is less than the median, and one-half is equal to 50 percent, the median marks the 50th percentile. One-fourth is equal to 25 percent, so the first quartile marks the 25th percentile. The third quartile marks the 75th percentile. Besides quartiles, a fairly common way to arrange a set of data is by deciles. Each decile includes 10 percent of the data set. This means that the first decile is the 10th percentile, the second decile is the 20th percentile, etc. Deciles provide a way to split a data set into more pieces than quartiles without splitting the set into 100 pieces as with percentiles. Applications of Percentiles Percentile scores have a variety of uses. Anytime that a set of data needs to be broken into digestible chunks, percentiles are helpful. They are often used to interpret test scores—such as SAT scores—so that test-takers can compare their performance to that of other students. For example, a student might earn a score of 90 percent on an exam. That sounds pretty impressive; however, it becomes less so when a score of 90 percent corresponds to the 20th percentile, meaning only 20 percent of the class earned a score of 90 percent or lower. Another example of percentiles is in childrens growth charts. In addition to giving a physical height or weight measurement, pediatricians typically state this information in terms of a percentile score.  A percentile is used in order to compare the height or weight of a child to other children of the same age.  This allows for an effective means of comparison so that parents can know if their childs growth is typical or unusual.

The Issue Of Gay Marriage - 1191 Words

Christina Abreu Professor Peter Lamar Introduction to Classics in Philosophy 6 November 2014 Gay Marriage Thomas Jefferson wrote about â€Å"unalienable rights† in The Declaration of Independence. What he meant was there are rights that are given to us as human beings and cannot be taken away by the government. â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† are among those rights that are being suppressed against same sex couples. Their right to pursue happiness with their significant other is taken from them by the state. Psychologically and medically married couples are healthier in general because they have someone to share their good days and bad days with as well as someone to take care of when they are sick. However some marriages are not so healthy where one of the partners is abusive whether emotionally or physically and it usually occurs in heterosexual relationships. Orphaned children and children in the foster system also benefit from the union of gay couples because since they can’t have their own children they often look to adoption when starting their own families. Because homosexuals are denied the right of marriage to their loved ones they take marriage more seriously than most heterosexuals who take their right for granted. While the Constitution never specifically stated a need for â€Å"separation of the church and the state† the idea is implied because America is a diverse nation and â€Å"freedom of religion† definitely is in the constitution. â€Å"Freedom of religion†Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gay Marriages1028 Words   |  5 Pages1101-113 September 2, 2015 The Issue Of Gay Marriages Through The Eyes Of Sociologists Gay marriages have been an ongoing event in the United States for many years. It was not until June 26, 2015 when gay marriage was legalized for all states with a five to four ratio. With gay marriage being legalized, there became many controversies in the nation. The most recent controversy was when a Kentucky county clerk was jailed after defying a federal court order to issue marriage licenses to a same-sex coupleRead MoreGay Marriage and Its Issues1260 Words   |  6 PagesGay Marriage and its Issues Gay marriage has been an issue for a very long time and since some states are legalizing it, many worry that it would soon be added as an amendment. The topic of gay marriage brings up religious, legal, and many other issues. In Whats wrong with Gay Marriage? by Katha Pollitt, the author supports gay marriage and wants it legalized. She states that there is no problem with gay marriage and its all a matter of separating the church and state. But in â€Å"Gay ‘Marriage’:Read MoreIssue of Gay Marriage1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Issue of Gay Marriage Summary This essay debates the issue of same sex marriage in the United States. 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The arguments generated by each of the sides are certainly thought-provoking and it is very difficultRead MoreThe Issue of Gay Marriage864 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The issue of gay marriage is one of many fronts. Looking into th e nation’s past, an individual will realize that depriving anyone of free will and/or rights they feel they should have doesn’t work. A critical argument against gay marriage, is that being gay is a â€Å"choice† therefore it shouldn’t be promoted and spread. This is false because one who is truly homosexual is naturally sexually attracted to the same sex. A heterosexual male cannot just make a choice to engage in homosexual intercourseRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1241 Words   |  5 PagesAs the months pass by, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is getting tired of the same arguments in court. They as well as many other Americans are waiting for an answer. Although the solution to this public crises is to let them have their rights, many opposing people classify their arguments as correct or valid. However clear the answer may be, it has yet to be confirmed by all the states in America. Some major factors that lead to this conflict is whether homosexualityRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage2127 Words   |  9 Pageslonger us as Americans fighting a common enemy such as England, it was now Americans vs Americans. Multiple issues such as gun laws and religion have separated the United States since its creation. Though recently, the main issue that has caused a divide in the American population is the issue of gay marriage. In the past year the most important piece of legislation in favor of gay marriage and equal rights was created, and it all spurred off of a single court case. Obergefell v. Hodges. In orderRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage3385 Words   |  14 PagesHistory teaches us that marriage has classically been between a man and a woman, but in the recent years, people have begun to challenge that notion. Gay marriage has been one of the most controversial topics of debate lately, dividing our nation into those who support the idea and those who oppose. It seems as though no matter who is as ked, each person’s opinion falls to one side or the other. States have been similarly divided in their treatment of the gay marriage issue. Voters in some states haveRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage Essay3392 Words   |  14 PagesWell it is 2007, and we are still dealing with the issue of gay marriage being good, and not good for America. Now maybe in 20 years gay marriage will be legal in each state, and this issue will be over. However, I deal in reality. And reality tells me the idea of two men frotting inside a home with children, frankly makes people sick to their stomachs. I prefer women, but I think what two grown people do in their bedrooms is their private moral, and legal business. Just like a straight couple thatRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage2016 Words   |  9 Pagesthem. Christians for example do not believe in gay marriage. It is not part of their truth and most likely never will be. This is because they believe in the bible, and a god (higher power) w hich tells them that gay marriage is wrong. They use this information to decide what their truth is and how they will live out their lives. On the flip side of this there are many people who were raised, or influenced by people who are completely fine with gay marriage therefore those people whom they influence (the

Rome s Influence On The Mediterranean Sea - 1977 Words

Italy, as we all know is directly in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea and is a long, narrow peninsula with a distinct shape- a heel boot with the Apennine mountains running alongside it, and inside of that distinct shape lays Rome. Geography played a major part in the location of Rome and just a few miles from Rome laid the Tiber River right by the Mediterranean Sea. There also was an huge boundary that prevented invaders from invading, the Alps. The Tiber River gave the Romans a source of water, allowed protection and trade while the Mediterranean Sea entitled seaborne commerce. However, Rome was built on seven hills that allowed them to be the stopping place for several people, and for merchant ships sailing in the Mediterranean as well. Along with protection, fertile soil, and water access, Rome also great farming and living conditions. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by twin brothers Romulus and Remus on Palatine Hill, who fought till death for the territory re sulting in Romulus winning; the reason Rome has its name this day. However, it s known that Latins also lived in Rome around 1000 B.C and built Rome from nothing to huts on hills, and a land filled with cattle and growing crops. Sometime during 700 BC and 800 BC people banded together for protection. Eventually, other groups joined right along with the Latins such as the Greeks and Etruscans, who played major roles in shaping Rome. From the Greeks, Romans learned to grow olivesShow MoreRelatedThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Civilization of Ancient Rome and The Time of the Kings, From Republic to Empire: Romulus and Remus, the Etruscans, the Greeks and early influences HST 101 Spring 2015 Lance Raebel Pima Community College West Campus Tucson, Arizona Table of Contents Introduction I. Romulus And Remus founding story a. Twin brothers i. Considered to be half gods ii. Rasied by a she wolf b. Father the god of war i. Rapes Rhea Silvia their mother c. Find Rome i. Romulus then kills Remus for leadership IIRead MorePompey And His Extraordinary Influence1405 Words   |  6 PagesLaurel Frick Magistra Hickey Latin I 24 April 2017 Pompey and His Extraordinary Influence Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, better known as Pompey, once said, â€Å"More people worship the rising than the setting sun.† He transformed the last generation of the Roman Republic forever. He solved many of Rome’s problems. Pompey was a great military and political figure.Need a specific thesis statement Gnaeus Pompeius was born in 106 BCE. Gnaeus was born during the time of political tension between Gaius MariusRead MoreConquest And Its Impact On The World1377 Words   |  6 Pagesterritories. Rome was one of the largest both residential and territorial empires in the world. â€Å"[d]Rome became a great power ruling 60 to 70 million subjects† and it consisted of everything that touched the Mediterranean Sea(256). But Rome did not start as a such a dominate empire; it had to conquer much land to achieve its high status. Prior to Rome’s dominance it was only a single city estate surrounded by many other unconnected city estates. However,what allowed the city estate of Rome to grow intoRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1595 Words   |  7 Pages The civilization of Ancient Rome thrived from the sixth century BC to the fifth century AD. The Roman Empire was the second empire to conquer most of the Mediterranean Sea basin, the first being the Ancient Greeks. After taking over the former Greek Empire, the Romans assimilated many aspects of Greek culture into their own, including the Greek Architecture. The main attributions to Ancient Roman architecture are cement, the arch, the vault, the dome and centralized road systems. The RomanRead MoreThe History of the Fall of Rome: Is the United States Also Destined to Fall?1511 Words   |  7 PagesBCE and the first century ACE Rome expanded from a city-state into an empire controlling the Mediterranean Sea, which at the time of the Roman Empire, was the center of the civilized world. As years went by Rome fell. Many people link Rome and the United States together. Rome rose from nothing into a great world power, however, they reached their peak and then fell, much the same, as the United States is today. Rome and the United States are similar in many ways. Rome, at one point, was an advancedRead MoreThe Aeneid Is An Epic Poem1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Aeneid is an epic poem written in 20 B.C by Virgil, the pre-eminent poet of the Roman Empire. It is based on the Greek oral tradition Homer s Iliad and Odyssey. Virgil seeks to establish the greatness of Rome by linking the foundation of Rome to the legends of Troy. In this masterpiece, he delicately pictures men and women with opposite characteristics. Men are rational and calm while women are emotional and chaotic which are represented by Neptune and Juno in sequence. Through this, VirgilRead MoreAncient Roman Dwellings Evolved Architecturally In Time1093 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Roman dwellings evolved architecturally in time from simple huts in the earliest times, to sophisticated and extremely long-lived structures in the later Republic and Imperial Rome following the annexation of the Greek city-states. This is very evid ent in many Italian and Greek cities where archaeologists have found different occupational levels, with each lower architectural strata being much more ancient (Lavan, Ãâ€"zgenel, Sarantis, 2007). Typically, however, Roman architecture refers toRead MoreRome s Transformation From Republic1584 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest leaders and he established the principate, the form of government under which Rome ruled its empire for many years. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Caesar Augustus, was born Gaius Julius Octavius in Rome, Italy and was alive from 63 BC - AD 14. Augustus’ father, also called Gaius Octavius, was the governor of Macedonia, and his mother was the niece of Julius Caesar. Octavian grew up in the village of Velletri, near Rome. His father died when he was just four years old and his mother remarried, but AugustusRead MoreThe Origins Of The West East Essay2165 Words   |  9 Pagesplentiful food and a powerful governmental class. During the era of the second half of the Old Testament study, Israel experienced the strong influences of numerous neighboring empires and kingdoms such as the sequential empires of Babylonia, Assyria, Rome, Greece, and Persia. As stated, â€Å"each empire was pressing in, invading, conquering, exerting its own influence on the culture and institutions of Israel, affecting its political and social structure, testing its fortitude and obedience† (Hunt 59). It’sRead MoreChallenges And Barrier And Soluations For Chinese Companies At China Pakistan Economic Corridor ( Cpec )1655 Words   |  7 Pagestrade and culture transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the civilization s of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance, political and economic

Motivation For Boko Haram s Attacks - 848 Words

Different sources have different causes of what they say was the motivation for Boko Haram’s attacks. Some sources say it was the killing of their leader in 2009 and some even say that the it was due to global warming within that country, but whatever it is, it is a big problem not only for the Islamic states but all of the other countries of the world. Their different attacks seem to show what the source of this motivation was. The group is very hard to understand in terms of their overall motivation because there is so little known information about them. Information in general is hard to come by from Nigeria. Police officers and city officials so corrupt that they give the citizens little to no information as to what is going on (Walker, 2012, p. 7). They are too motivated by their own selfish goals. The Boko Haram group itself has given no really helpful information as it has denied bombings and other terroristic activities. Boko Haram are motivated by a Jihadist version of Islam and is believed to be believers of the one true interpretation of the (Brinkel Ait-Hida, 2012, p. 16). Their ultimate goal to create a true Islamic state in Nigeria directly associated with Sharia law. (Chothia, 2015, p. 5). The group has maintained their secrecy and the authorities have yet to be captured by law enforcement. Boko Haram is seen to have many basic views including their religious motivations, political downfall, and their extreme actions taken on the people of Nigeria. BokoShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Boko Haram Insurgency Essay3548 Words   |  15 PagesTHE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON BOKO-HARAM INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA AUGUST, 2015 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Terrorism is globally becoming a household word as there is no nation that is completely absolved from its effect. Globalization has significantly influenced the spate of terrorism as the event in one part of the globe has direct or an indirect effect on others. This explains why Horne (2002) in Rourke (2008) observes that war, terrorism and other forms of transnational politicalRead MoreKidnapping Of Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara Bonilla1839 Words   |  8 Pagessupported justice reforms against drug traffickers, exemplified the extreme measures that the Medellin Cartel used to exact revenge on public dissenters. The drug cartels publicly executed political figure heads, typically in highly visible and vicious attacks, to propagate fear amongst the public and to create unobstructed compliance in a gnarly web of drug trafficking, money laundering, and political corruption. Therefore, the original emergence of narcoterrorism (as coined in the 1980s) centered aroundRead MoreSocio-Ec onomic and Political Dimensions of Conflict4145 Words   |  17 PagesKano; Fulani-Irigwe and Yelewa-Sheridam clashes both in Plateau State, and of course the present Boko Haram militancy ravaging most northern states – especially, Borno, Adamawa, Yobe, Bauchi, Kano, etc. – to mention but a few (Adetiba, 2012). These and other ethno-religious crises have undermined socio-economic and political development of Nigeria. Of greater importance is perhaps the threat of Boko Haram (an Islamic extremist group). Violence linked to this group’s insurgency in northern and centralRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2534 Words   |  11 PagesSince the end of the Cold War, the total amount of wars has declined sharply compared to those that occurred during the cold war period. According to Baylis et al. the 1990’s were the least violent decade since the end of World War II. Along with the striking decline of wars, lie a new form of state cooperation, one which theorists call the Democratic Peace Theory. This theory holds that while democracies do go to war that they do not fight each other. In essence, in a region where all democraticRead MorePersuasive Essay On Domestic Terrorism3883 Words   |  16 PagesNational Rifle Association (NRA) will counteract any measures by reminding America ns they have a constitutional right to bear arms; (U. S. Const. amend. II). Politicians who rely on the NRA to financially support their campaigns, willfully turn a blind eye, say nothing and soon after, the news media will stop reporting on the tragic events until the next terror attack. The U.S. government is fully aware that mass killings and hate crimes are distant relatives and close cousins to domestic terrorismRead MoreHate Crime And Mass Shootings Essay4636 Words   |  19 PagesAmerica s Greatest Threats: Domestic Terrorism, Hate Crimes and Mass Shootings I. Introduction Executive Order 13224 on Terrorist Financing under the guidelines of the United States (U.S) National Emergency Act (Pub. L. 94-412) went into effect on September 24, 2001 by President George W. Bush and remains active, for the reason that President Barak Obama, kept the order in an uninterrupted state of emergency throughout his presidency. Due to the guidelines of the statute, national stateRead MoreEvolution Of The Islamic State8537 Words   |  35 Pagesal-Nursa front at the behest of senior al-Qaeda (prime) leadership. The results of his decisions were startling. In short order, fighters aligned with both groups made significant territorial and logistical gains in northern Syria, culminating in the attack and capture of a Syrian power plant and oil fields. Previously, al-Qaeda and its affiliates had to rely on donations from wealthy individuals in the Gulf States that were sympathetic to their cause. This followed in the tradition of Osama Bin

A Helicopter Parent Free Essays

A helicopter parent may have good intentions, but his or her interference could make their child’s life much more difficult in the long run. Today, there is an increase in the number of helicopter parents. The term â€Å"helicopter parent† defines the behavior of parents who seem just a tad too involved in their child’s day-to-day life. We will write a custom essay sample on A Helicopter Parent or any similar topic only for you Order Now We all understand that parents would do everything to keep their children out of harm’s way, but sometimes, this desire can become an unhealthy obsession that can actually hurt their kids. At times I question myself, will the next generation of young people be able to actually think for themselves? Children of helicopter parents can become too dependent of their paternities. It is a very common factor in the Palauan society for parents to help their children with their bills, giving them money, babysitting, and even to the degree of buring their groceries and cleaning their homes. It is a very touchy subject to some as they feel pity for their children and want the best for them but at times it seems to get out hand. Those who constantly protect their children from any disappointment only decreases the child’s chance of self-empowerment and growth as they mature. With helicopter parents, time may be more consumed with exaggerated observance and calming themselves down rather than helping their children to be self-reliant and independent. Allowing your children to fail and having them test their limits is the least a parent can do for their kids. In this way, a child can be more resourceful, productive, and become an independent learner, or acquires knowledge through his or her own efforts. Lack of confidence is also an effect of helicopter parenting. Parents who are overly involved and overly hovering around a child is a sign that the parents themselves are very anxious. Children can sense and pick up their parent’s anxiety and become anxious themselves. When this happens, a child usually becomes instantly sad, isolated, or depressed. Either way, it brings a child to an unhappy place. Anxiety among your adults has significantly grown in recent years, some have turned depressed or even sick. Though this happens at home when the child lives with his or her parents, it occurs after they leave home as well. When parents guide their children in everything they do, they do not have the chance to show what they are capable of. As they mature, it will only make it difficult for them to make their own decisions as they are used to having someone around telling them what to do. They are also very much terrified of taking risks especially if it is something that is not common to them. Something as simple as, â€Å"You can do this† or â€Å"I’m so proud of you† can encourage a child and help them build their confidence. Believing in someone is simply letting them do what they know instead of being by their side the whole time telling them what to do and what not to do. How to cite A Helicopter Parent, Papers

Crime Concentration and Criminology of Place †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Crime Concentration and Criminology of Place. Answer: Introduction: The Cardiff University has prepared this research, which has been commissioned by the City of London Corporation with the assistance from the City of London Police in October 2015. This research explores the nature of economic cybercrime and its impact on policing. The research emphasizes on the positive as well as negative changes that has been brought about by advanced technology. This report particularly emphasizes on the ways that technological advancement gave rise to commit economic crimes, thus, enabling the frauds or offenders to perpetrate at great speed, at scale and at a distance without requiring any physical contact between the victim and the offender (The Implications of Economic Cybercrime for Policing 2015). The City of London Police is the National policing Lead for Economic Crime who plays a fundamental role in addressing such challenges by developing a national strategy and by undertaking initiatives to reduce fraud like training in specialist skills in both public and private sector (Reid 2015). There has been a rapid growth in economic crimes and the report has been prepared to determine the effectiveness of the initiatives undertaken by the police to work in partnerships and with other agencies to disrupt criminal activities followed by prosecution of offenders (The Implications of Economic Cybercrime for Policing 2015). The framers of the report have provided new data and analysis associated with the scale of this activity along with a comprehensive perception of the challenges that are being faced by the law enforcement and policing responses. evaluating the efficacy of the several forms of approaches that have been implemented to prevent and address the criminal activities; emphasizing significantly on the initiatives like partnership working, awareness raising, intelligence-led policing and information sharing across the industry; providing practical suggestions to assist the police in preventing further commission of economic cybercrimes in the future; The economic cybercrime challenges traditional policing models, which includes investigation and detection as it demonstrates a standard shift in the method of committing such crimes. Given the rapid growth in the economic cybercrime, it is fundamental to embrace more partnership related activities as well as undergoing changes in approaches like increased emphasis on disruption and prevention over conventional investigation and traditional policing. Research Questions What resources in terms of effort and money should be considered valuable for greater cyber security? What should be the specific responsibilities and roles of the police? How should the negative impact of cybercrime be dealt with in policing? How should the police respond to the challenges that they face while undertaking the initiatives? Success of the research The Citys Police have considered the fact that challenges posed by economic cybercrime and shall require extensive resources and time to be resolved. Therefore, the approach of the City Police towards policing economic crime includes development of national strategy for the policing of economic crime by engaging with major authorities lie Home Office, National Crime Agency and Crown Prosecution Service. The City Police has assessed capabilities of the local police to ensure policing approaches are consistent with maximum effectiveness. Therefore, this research has successfully discussed about the initiatives that have been undertaken to deter economic crimes and entail the role of police in deterring the same. However, these initiatives represent merely first stage to reduce cyber risks and it is important to develop better risk management framework to reduce the risks of economic crimes (Williams and Levi 2017). This report includes interviews with key stakeholders comprising the international police forces, UK police forces and other police representative that is further supported by an extensive secondary research review. The data supplied by Action Fraud, which is the national internet crimes, and fraud-reporting centre in UK has provided data regarding the economic crimes that reveals an incline in the fraud rate experienced by UK businessperson and individuals. The incline in the economic crime and fraud rate has been primarily derived from the large-scale government surveys like the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey, Crime Survey for England and Wales and the Commercial Victimization Survey. In order to prepare a report, data has been collected using the qualitative method through interviews. It also includes secondary resources of collecting the data from the government websites, government departments like the City Of London and have obtained data from other relevant organizational records. This report entails that various approaches that have been used by the police in order to deter crimes which primarily includes investigation and detection. However, considering the rapid growth in the economic crimes including cybercrimes, the police have undertaken initiatives to work in association with agencies that will enable to deter commission of further crimes. Since the report has been conducted using qualitative data mainly there are certain limitation to the research in terms of lack of measurement of its frequency, nature, scale and impact of such economic crimes on the businesses. The data although talks about the incline in the rate of economy related criminal activities but it does not clearly portray the impact of such activities on the national infrastructure and public (Levi et al. 2016). The other limitation includes inconsistency associated with the information that was held between the several stakeholders as well as insufficient information regarding perception of victimization. References Levi, M., Doig, A., Gundur, R., Wall, D. and Williams, M.L., 2016. The implications of economic cybercrime for policing. Maxfield, M.G. and Babbie, E.R., 2014.Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Nelson Education. Reid, S.T., 2015.Crime and criminology. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. The Implications of Economic Cybercrime for Policing. (2015). [ebook] London. Available at: https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/economic-research-and-information/research-publications/Documents/research-2015/Economic-cybercrime-Summary-Report.pdf [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]. Weisburd, D., 2015. The law of crime concentration and the criminology of place.Criminology,53(2), pp.133-157.

Mcdonalds And You Essay Paper Example For Students

Mcdonalds And You Essay Paper Mcdonalds and youMcDonaldization of Society In todays complicated and ever changing society, we often try to achieve a sense of stability and familiarity around us. One way our culture has tried to make life a little easier is by implementing a function now know as McDonaldization. McDonaldization is defined as the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. (1) The success of McDonalds, and of McDonaldization as a whole, is due to four basic factorsefficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. One of the first functions of McDonaldization is efficiency. Efficiency means choosing the optimum means to an given end. In our society, people like to have things go as quickly and as smoothly as possible, but they do not want to find out the fastest way themselves. Instead, people like to have a system that has already been used and that they know works. Efficiency has its advantages for both consumers, who get what they want quickly and with little effort, and for workers, who can perform their tasks in a simple manner. The fast food industry is very streamlined, because hamburgers are the simplest food there is to make. Other foods also do not need a lot of ingredients, and they are simple to make and to eat. Most of the food is also prepared so one can eat it with their hands, thereby reducing the need for utensils. In the process of McDonaldization, consumers are forced to do a good deal of work as well. They have to stand on line, carry their own food, and throw out the garbage. This is not as efficient for the consumer, but it saves time for the workers. Education, health care, and the work place are all becoming McDonaldalized in order to become more efficient. Efficiency in McDonaldization has streamlined many processes, simplified goods and services, and forces the consumer to do work as well. Another factor of McDonaldization is calculability. This tends to put more of an emphasis on quantity rather than quality, but it allows the consumer to get a lot of food quickly. When things are easily counted, it facilitates the process by making it more predictable by using the same amount of materials. Part of McDonalds is an emphasis on size. Everything is super sized, or have names that make food items seem larger than they actually are. Calculability, however, also leads to the quality of the food being neglected. Because people feel as if they are getting a lot of food for their money, they are not as worried about how good it tastes. Food is always weighed and measured precisely, which is another part of calculability. All burgers weigh the same amount, there are the same number of fries in each container, and the new drink machines dispense the same amount to each cup. This same theory is seen in our education system. Students are herded through, and no one really pays much attention to what or how they are learning, just that they receive high grades so they can get into a good college. Health care has also seen the impact of these, because now patients are mainly treated just to squeeze some money out of them, and doctors seemingly dont truly care about their patients anymore. Calculability basically reduces the quality of goods, but improves the quantity of them. The third function of McDonaldization is predictability. In our society, people usually want to know exactly what to expect from a given situation. Predictability gives the consumer a break from having to make difficult decisions, and the worker can perform their task with little effort. The needs of everyone become easily anticipated. One of the first places predictability became common was with motel chains. Before motels became franchised, guests didnt know exactly what they would be getting, for the good or the bad. But then hotels such as Holiday Inn and Howard Johnsons started, and guests knew exactly what they were going to get when they stayed there. This new practice was copied in the food industry, namely by McDonalds. When the darkness falls and there is no light, eve Essay One aspect of university life which has become greatly McDonaldized is the registration process. At Hofstra, students must choose their own classes from a given list, and then meet with their advisor to approve it. They then have to take their registration card to Memorial Hall, where they take a number, and wait for their turn to be called. Only then can your complete schedule be finalized. For the first factor of McDonaldization, efficiency, the registration process is definitely not up to par. When students first get to Memorial, they are forced to take a number, like at a deli counter. They then must wait. And wait. And wait, just for their number to be called. Students are forced to wait for sometimes as long as three or four hours to make a schedule. Although it is better than a random free for all, with everyone scrambling around at the same time, there is still much that can be done to improve it. At some parts of the day, there are as few as three windows open, with more than one hundred students waiting. This process can hardly be called efficient, when some other universities have phone or electronic registration, which can be completed in a few minutes. Calculability is also seen during the registration process. The main idea is to try to complete as many schedules in the shortest amount of time. However, this causes students to not receive any individualized attention, and they are forced to make their schedules on their own with little guidance. This is because the main interest is on quantity, rather than the quality of the schedules. In fact, the school prefers to have the lack of guidance, because it causes students to take unnecessary credits, and they then must spend more time in school, while paying even more money. This system is fairly predictable, although not in a good way. During registration time, students know that they will have to spend many hours just waiting in line with nothing to do. They also can predict there will not be any seats left, that half of the windows will be closed by lunch time, and that it will always be about a million degrees in the waiting area. Students also are used to the gray schedule booklets, as well as the yellow registration cards. Seeing either of those items leads the students to think about exactly what they must go through, in order to register successfully. The final element, control, is seen as well. Students are being controlled by a tiny little slip of paper they hold in their hand, which has a simple number on it. That number signifies their place on line, but it was generated by a computer, which keeps track of how many people are waiting. Students also rely on the kiosk system, which shows which classes are still open, and which have been closed out. These factors help keep registration as a controlled process. McDonaldization is becoming more and more prevalent in todays changing world. However, it allows us to expect certain things, helps us to manage our time better, and make life in general a little bit simpler. It also, however, cuts down on the individuals of our society, and forces them to conform to a set standard, which is considered the norm. Some places are able to use McDonaldization effectively, while others are still struggling to implement it in a way which makes it work. It is a complicated process, which requires a good deal of thinking and brainstorming to manage successfully. All in all, McDonaldization has both positive and negative impacts on our world.Bibliographysorry