Buddhism The True Reality Of Reality And The Achievement...

Although Buddhism schools vary on the exact way to enlightenment, each one fits the same explanation as using a path of practice that leads to insight into the true nature of reality and the achievement of enlightenment. According to Vasubandhu’s Twenty Verses on Consciousness Only (n.d.), we have to distinguish between the reality that we construct by our ordinary consciousness, such as our imagination and reality as it is in itself, in its suchness. Buddhism wants us to see things as they really. Anyone who is enlightened sees the nature of reality clearly, just as it is and not as it is in our consciousness. The Buddhist teachings also state that reality includes two different conditions, impermanence, and no-self. What we see during our everyday existence, our human reality of things is not permanent. Rather, it is always dependent upon something else in order to realize its existence. If one factor of something is gone, then it will no longer exist. There needs to be a re alization that emptiness is the true reality and the everyday human constructs of reality that come from our human mind are not. As a result, there is an evident connection between the concept of reality and emptiness in Buddhism. Emptiness is the basic concept in Buddhism, both Mahayana and Zen, which teaches that all things are independent. It is also a way of looking at an experience. As humans, we often add presumptions to things in order to make sense of them and the world we live in. However,Show MoreRelatedBuddhism Is A Path Of Spiritual Development And The True Nature Of Reality1419 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism, as a religion is an intricate and sometimes complicated set of practices and doctrines. Originating in India by Buddha, the philosophy holds that Buddhism is a path of spiritual development leading to Enlightenment and the true nature of reality. One way to fully understand Buddhism is to critically discuss the Four Noble Truths and how they lead to the path of Ni bbana. According to Lopez, ‘The Buddha stated in his first sermon that when he gained absolute and intuitive knowledge of theRead MoreBuddhism: The Hinayana Sect1074 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the lay followers and the religious order. Beliefs that the pursuit of self-enlightenment is too selfish grew and soon lead to a change in the ultimate goal of Buddhist practice. The formation of the Mahayana sect clarified Buddhist teachings and practices, streamlining it for the masses. One of the biggest reforms resulting from the formation of the Mahayana sect is the actual goal in the practice of Buddhism. In the Mahayana school of thought, the bodhisattvas are emphasized in their importanceRead MoreEssay Camparing Christian Mysticism and Buddhism3257 Words   |  14 Pagesis true reality. They only give a blurred picture of a filtered reality. We are the filters to our language. Each of us must experience the world from a different light and a different bias. Therefore, how can our descriptions be pure? It may not be possible to faithfully depict the ineffable nor comprehend it truly. Like language, and possibly with the development of language, our conceptions have also narrowed to exclude what is ultimately real. There is the conventional reality thatRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism and Buddhism: Similar Views of Life Essay example2643 Words   |  11 PagesBuddhism According to Communication between cultures by Larry A.Samovar, Richard E. Porter and Edwin R.McDaniel, Buddhism was originated in Indian by the prince named Siddharth Guatama in about 563 B.C. Siddharth was born into a great luxury. He was married and by the age of 29 disillusioned with his opulence and ventured out of his palace. For the first time, the prince was encountered old age, sickness, and death. He was so moved with the painful realities of life that he left his wife and comfortableRead MoreThe Baghavad Gita, Yoga Sutras Of Patanjai, And The Hatha1422 Words   |  6 Pagesare all considered to be revolutionary texts. Their teachings depart from earlier traditions and propose many approaches to enlightenment. Through their definition of yoga or their philosophical goals, each contain some similarities as well as aspects that make each of them unique. The epic text of the Bhagavad Gita defines yoga as the skill of union with the ultimate reality or the absolute. The work comes to us in the form of dialogue between Lord Sri Krishna and the princely warrior Arjuna, whichRead MoreHow Does Buddhism Treat Its Women1876 Words   |  8 Pagesthe hands of their sons. Luckily these women were given a type of out of this lifestyle with the support of Buddhism. Buddhism a philosophy focused on spiritual development towards the true insight of the nature of reality. Buddhism included practices such as meditation as a means of changing yourself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. So how does buddhism treat its women followers are they also subjected to the same prejudice and oppression that individuals outsideRead MorePhilosophies Of The Origin, Application And The Philosophy Of Virtue1865 Words   |  8 Pagesviews, whereas Buddhism is much more idealistic, however themes of both can be found in the develop ment of virtue ethics. Buddhism itself contains various branches and beliefs of moral theory. However, Mahayana Buddhists have produced more in-depth ideas, sufficient enough to be contrasted with that of Greek philosophy. Aristotle, an Ancient Greek and student of Plato, has constructed logical and complex arguments towards his idea of virtue. By comparing Aristotle with Mahayana Buddhism, it shall beRead MoreBuddhism 101 Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism is a well-known world religion, a religion that touch people heart with it great compassion together with the notion to spread the seed of wisdom to all sentient beings, to help them reach their enlightenment state, so that they can be liberate from the samsaric (suffering) world. However, to understand the teaching of Buddhism, we needed to know who is the founder, where is it originated, it teaching, and it history. Through these, we can be able to grasp the fundamental ideas or the basicRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism Ess ay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesexhibiting it’s acceleration of growth as a religion. Following Hinduism(s) is the fourth largest religion, widely illustrated as cousins, is Buddhism. It is known to be the oldest missionary religion which is practiced throughout Asia. Buddhism existed as a religion after the birth of Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama. Although Hinduism(s) and Buddhism share many similarities, one characteristic that makes them unique is the way in which they recognize the atman/soul/life energy existence withinRead MoreThe Gupta Era2042 Words   |  8 PagesThe Gupta Era began in 320 CE and lasted all the way to 520 CE. During this period, Buddhism was an influence for India. Buddhist monks that were disciples of the Buddhism religion influenced education, literature, and higher learning during the Gupta Era. This spreaded across all of Gupta Empire which gave the empire a religion to mainly focus on. The Gupta empire was founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta. B uddhism went from being a not noticeable religion to a wide know religion during the Gupta era because

Hip Hop and Adam Yauch Park Essay - 1249 Words

Hip Hop has been a thread of music that is deeply rooted in the struggle within the black communities of America. It acted as a window for people outside of the black community to acknowledge and experience, to an extent, what endeavors those communities encounter. Although Hip Hop’s central purpose is to denote the subjugation that was implemented on the black community, Hip Hop began as a mere offshoot of 1970’s jazz, funk, and soul. Beastie Boys, now seen as a forefront in the gentrification of Hip Hop, were at first an anomaly. Being an all white group in a predominantly African-American industry was not a walk in the park at first, but once they showed their ability to rap; no one seemed to doubt that they truly belonged in the Hip†¦show more content†¦Because of this, I researched heavily the park’s atmosphere, so that I would be able to find it with ease. The only thing I dreaded was the commute. Brooklyn Heights to and from Queens is not within e ach other’s proximity so I knew that the trip from there and back would occupy a large part of my journey. From what my research told me, the easiest option was to take the F-train all the way to Jay Metro, where I would have a 10 minute walk to the park. The other options included transfers to trains that I was not familiar with, nevertheless the F-train was the most convenient because the 169th station is a couple blocks from St. Johns. When I finally had the time to go through with this commute, I walked to 169th and essentially took the F-train until my stop. Although the direction list on Google maps was specific, I became flustered when I arrived at the Jay Street. Luckily however there was a police man who pointed me in the direction of State Street where Adam Yauch Park is located. When I came up to my destination, I was actually disappointed. The park was smaller than I imagined and did not really offer much; however, one thing that I did notice the variety of trees . According to NYC Parks: â€Å"When you visit his namesake park, be sure to take in the wide variety of trees, including silver lindens, London planes, pin oaks, and Norway maples† (NYC Parks). Since Adam

Jazz Research Paper free essay sample

Jazz Music Jazz Is associated with the African American people and this Is an Influence unequaled in the field of music. The true spirit of jazz arises from a revolt from convention, custom, authority, and boredom, even sorrow, from everything that would confine the soul of man. The blacks that invented it called their songs the blues, and they werent capable of satire or deception. Jazz was their explosive attempt to cast off the blues and be happy, carefree happy, even in the midst of sordidness and sorrow. Jazz Is a release of all the suppressed emotions at once. Jazz Is a part of the erect process of African American music.In rhythm It goes directly back through ragtime, through the minstrel period, through the spirituals and dances to its African origin. Jazz, as we know it, is a product of the age in which we are living. For that reason, it is not pure black music, but rather, the African American reflected in modern life. The music is reflective of the restlessness and syncopated lives of the American temperament. The manner of production of Jazz Is rhythmic and usually referred to as black rhythm. In It there must exist a spontaneous physical abandonment to the moving accents of the music. Jazz began as an improvisation.The first Jazz players knew the tune, but all of the quirks and turns which made it Jazzy were created as they progressed; each man for himself, blending, syncopating, gliding, harmonize, throwing in offbeat and rhythmic patterns which somehow or another held together and made Jazz. In addition, Jazz has created its own method of Instrumentation, unlike that of any other type of music. Molded In native rhythms. Improvised melodies, stimulating harmonies, and refreshingly new methods of instrumentation, jazz has come to develop that quality of music which is n aspect of permanency, namely style. Analysis As early Jazz developed In the US, so did Its popularity. Although other cities caught on, the primary region of the south that would have the most Impact and a better scene was Louisiana, particularly the New Orleans. The New Orleans was known for its relaxed atmosphere and a diverse population of races- African, French, Italian, and Portuguese- and was home to gambling Joints, dance halls, and saloons. The New Orleans Jazz had developed a newer kind of sound- Dixieland- and brought out a new breed of talented Jazz musicians such as Ferdinand Jelly Roll Morton, Joseph King Oliver and Louis Staccato Armstrong.Jazz critic Max Harrison described Louis as The first true virtuoso soloist of jazz, Armstrong was a dazzling improviser, technically, emotionally, and intellectually. He changed the format of jazz by bringing the soloist to the forefront, and in his recording groups, the Hot Five and the Hot Seven, demonstrated that Jazz improvisation could go far beyond simply ornamen ting the melody he created new melodies based on the chords of the Initial tune (1). Many New Orleans musicians, Including Armstrong, migrated to Chicago, InfluencingNew Orleans style but emphasizing soloists, often adding saxophone to the instrumentation, and usually producing tenser rhythms and more complicated textures. Instrumentalists working in Chicago or influenced by the Chicago style included the trombonist Jack Degraded, the banjoist Eddie Condo, the drummer Gene Koura, and the clarinetist Benny Goodman. Also active in Chicago was Big Bedecked, whose lyrical approach to the cornet provided an alternative to Armstrongs trumpet style. Many Chicago musicians eventually settled in New York City, another major center for Jazz in the sasss. ) The New Orleans Jazz style came to pass, replaced by the oncoming swing era. This was carried forward by the bands of Duke Elongating, Count Basis, Benny Goodman, Glen Miller, Artier Shaw, Tommy and Jimmy Dorset, and many others (this movement was further helped by the newly-invented radio and the inexpensive phonograph record). In 1928 Edward Duke Elongating performed his famous stand at Harems Cotton Club. He quickly emerged as a major innovator in Jazz, and his large ensembles of twelve to fourteen pieces foreshadowed the swing craze of the middle sasss (3 ). Elongating was extinguished by his ability to compose creative pieces, such as East SST. Louis Doodle- 00, Black and Tan Fantasy, and Take the A Train, with individual members of his orchestra in mind. Many of these compositions have become Jazz standards that are performed all over the world. One major development in the emergence of the swing era was a rhythmic change that smoothed the two-beat rhythms of the New Orleans style into a more flowing four beats to the bar.Musicians also developed the use of short melodic patterns, called riffs, in call-and- response techniques. Jazz vocalists also became increasingly popular and flexible; vocalists such as Vive Anderson, Mildred Bailey, Ella Fitzgerald, and, above all, Billie Holiday were among the leading singers. The swing era continued through World War II and beyond. In 1945, jazz once again evolved and became redefined- this time by a young alto saxophonist from Kansas City. Charlie Parker was his name, and he is said to be the founder of the newly defined Jazz sound of the day- Bebop.As Gary Giddings, Jazz critic, put it: A virtuoso alto saxophonist, Parker was the only musician after Armstrong to influence all of Jazz and almost every aspect of American music- its instrumentalists and singers, composers, and arrangers. By 1955, his innovations could be heard everywhere: in Jazz, of course, but also in rock and roll, country music, film and television scores, and even symphonic works. Parker altered the rhythmic and harmonic currents of music, and he produced a body of melodies- or more to the point, a way of melodic thinking- that became closely identified with the idea of Jazz as a personal and intellectual modern music. 4) The new generation of bebop brought forth many changes. It was no longer dance music- the tempos of bop rendered dancin g impossible and therefore physically reduced Jazz music to that of listening only (5). It even began a public culture- as critic Lester Standstill states the press and many musicians had established bebop As a kind of cult, as though it were less a music than a life style, complete with flashy clothing, dark glasses, berets, beards, secret handshakes, and an extensive lingo of Jive talk (5).Jazz clubs became smaller, and so did the performing bands- combos and small groups dominated the scene. Bop placed a great deal of stress on the players themselves, ate sasss brought forth an explosion of experimentation in Jazz. Modernized big bands led by Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Kenton flourished alongside small groups with innovative musicians. Yet another new style of Jazz was to be born- cool Jazz. Such influences to this genre are classical composers like Bach, Stravinsky, and Bart ¶k.This also inspired a fusion of cool Jazz and classical music known as third stream, pioneered by composer and French horn player Gunter Schuler and the Modern Jazz Quartet, which carved out a small following but never gained wide popularity. Another approach began to be heard in the very late sasss in the groups fronted by Miles Davis (trumpet), Ornate Coleman (saxophone, trumpet, and violin), and John Chlorate (saxophone). It was known as free Jazz- a style that was not based on regular forms and established chord patterns.John Chlorate was the most influential musician of that genre- his tone was large, intense, and equally powerful in all registers.. . A fury of passion through ingenious improvisation (6). Chlorate had a deep interest in Indian and Arabic music, and infused those learned techniques to his improvisations. He composed many songs, such as the path-breaking Giant Steps, which used a new type of chord pattern to soon be followed by many modern jazz musicians. The sasss were also a time of embracing radical new ideas, including Black Nationalism and protesting American military action in Vietnam.Saxophone players Archie Sheep, Pharaoh Sanders, and Sam Rivers were playing fierce, sometimes angry music that wailed and lamented. Instead of the predictable format of small groups (theme, solos, theme [a-b-a pattern]), free Jazz emphasized group improvisation, lengthy solos, and static harmonic development. Also associated with free Jazz is that of abstract or avian-garden improvisation (7). After the experimental jazz of the late sass, the genre became directionless and was also having to compete with the increasing popularity of rock music.The result was the birth of jazz-fusion and the success of Miles Davits album, Pitches Brew, in 1970, encouraged many other Jazz musicians to tackle this new musical style. But, while the music of Miles Davis, Chicago and Blood, Sweat and Tears could be described as Jazz-rock, a genre which Jazz critics refused to accept, the music was closer to Jazz-funk and the ululates of Herb Hammocks seminal album, Headhunters. It was an updated version of the soul-influenced Jazz music of the late sass, but with the earthiness of those recordings extracted and replaced with a smoother texture.This was often complimented with lush orchestral strings, classical guitars and flutes that gave the music the feeling of a film soundtrack. For some critics, the Sevent ies was the decade in which Jazz died. Jazz, was combined with the traditional styles of the music with the contemporary innovations in Latin, Brazilian and soul music. Winning a Grammar ward for Stan Getting Status Gilberts The Girl from Panama, was proof the success of the innovative ability to mix Jazz with other musical styles. (8) Donald Byrd is a player whose music has kept up with the times.For 40 years, the trumpeter has been an integral part of American Jazz music. Influencing hard bop, Jazz fusion, and even the hip-hop acid-Jazz genres. For Byrd, they all come from the same wellspring. Whether its hard bop or funk or hip-hop, Byrd has been quoted as stating to me there is no difference. Its all an extension of the same thing. Its all Black music and these are all valid expressions of that. His lyrical style on the worked closely with John Chlorate, Sonny Rollins, and Max Roach. In the ass, Bards abilities as a composer and leader came to the forefront, as he became one of the prime members of the Blue Note stable.He played trumpet on Herb Hammocks Taking Off which included the now-classic Watermelon Man. He recorded a number of seminal pieces, including the classic Christi Rodent, which was a hauntingly beautiful work combining instruments and voices. His other classic recordings include Fancy Free and Electric Byrd, which was a portent of things to omen. (9) In 1973, Byrd came out with a recording that set the tone of Jazz in the ass. Black Byrd was a landmark work in that it combined Jazz with R and funk.It was one of the first Jazz recordings to rely on R vocals, and such elements of pop music as a hook, a catchy phrase that would be repeated throughout the tune. Innovators come in all styles. Much of the African-American music of the sasss and asss owes a debt to George Clinton. His early work from the asss with Parliament and later Fungicidal defined funk and urban dance music. The rhythmic textures over-lapped n a new vital sound inspiring many musicians since. His influence on hip-hop and rap is evident in the bass-heavy rhythms and relaxed vocals added to this percussive mix.All modern African-American music is in his debt. (10) Conclusion Names in Jazz are numerous with Dizzy Gillespie, Americas ambassador of Jazz; Earl Hines, the father of modern Jazz piano; Edwin Hawkins, composer of O Happy Day; Billy Cistern, famous big band leader and romantic ballad singer; James Cleveland, developer of modern gospel music, among others all represent the essence of Jazz. 11) Taking some quotes (12) we see what Jazz is all about: In his book Venice West, John Arthur Maynard writes: Jazz served as the ultimate point of reference, even though, or perhaps even because, few among them played it.From it they adopted the myths of the brooding, tortured, solitary artist, performing with others but always alone. They talked the talk of Jazz, built communal rites around using the jazzmen drugs, and worshipped the dead Jazz musicians most fervently. The musi cian whose music was fatal represented pure spontaneity. In his only successful kook, Go, Beat author John Echelon Holmes wrote: In this modern Jazz, they heard something rebel and nameless that spoke for them, and their lives knew a gospel for the first time.

The Rules free essay sample

How has your family history, culture or environment influenced who you are? Never touch the hand railings. Dont stare at people. Try to sit next to a lady on a crowded bus. Walk quickly and dont look around. Dont walk barefoot outside, there could be glass. When you get off the train, walk fast to wherever youre going. Dont give money to people begging for change, they are probably alcoholics. Dont stare at crazy people, you should thank God you are healthy. Put your shopping bag between your legs when you are on the train. Put your purse under your arm. If there are no cars coming, its okay to cross. Never wear white after Labor Day. Always eat whatever is offered when visiting someones house. Always call people on their birthdays. Never lock your bedroom door, there could be a fire and you could get stuck in there. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rules or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Never run around in a parking lot, you could get hit by a car. Never say something about someones weight until they have lost it. If you make a stupid face and someone slaps you on the back really hard, your face will stay like that. If you are the youngest, they found you in the garbage can. You are Mamas favorite, just dont tell Denissa and Lydia. Ray can do things you cant because hes a boy. The boys in the family are to be treated like angels no matter how many times they have been convicted. If they havent called Mama in a year, they arent her grandchildren. Never look in Mamas pots. If you dont take a shower and wash your hair, you are a cochina. Never play where Mama cant see you from the window. If you dont behave, shell tell your mother. If you dont remember when someones birthday is, Mama will tell you. On your birthday, Mama will make your favorite, even if you stopped liking it when you were 10. If you dont eat, shell feed you herself. If you cant understand what shes saying, just laugh with her. Dont bother saying Bless you 20 times, shes going to sneeze 20 more times. You know youre in trouble when they call you by your real name with a Spanish accent. If you dont clean your room, she will go in there with a garbage bag and throw everything away. The days you have to go to church are Mothers Day and Easter Sunday. When you go somewhere with a friend you have to give their name, address, telephone number and nationality. It doesnt matter what your watch says, their watch says you are late. Dont bother running, theyre going to get you no matter where you run. Your mom is a psychic. Your mom knows when you lie. No matter how good the lie, you will end up telling her the truth in a few months. Men are stupid. If a man doesnt like your family, he is no good. If your family doesnt like your man, dont bring him around for dinner. Always serve your man his dinner. He is not allowed in the kitchen unless youve been married for more than a decade and have kids. Never sit on your mans lap; there are plenty of other chairs. If no one laughs at his jokes, please dont bring him back. When Papa goes to bed, you have to be quiet. Check the dollar stores first. Never pay full price when a season sale is only a month away. If something is on sale, buy it in every color. When buying a dress, take Mama, your mom, your sister and however many Titis are available. Whatever you buy one Titi, you have to buy it for all your Titis and any other female whos a friend of the family. If there is a ringing in your ear, someones talking about you. Even if there isnt a ringing in your ear, someone in your family is always talking about you. They will let you know when you are old enough. They dont tell you things for their sake. They yell at you because they love you. Everything they do is for you. If they wiped your butt and fed you, then they can easily kill you for dee fun uv et! All the silly rules that your family gives you will someday use to raise your own children.

Free Essays on Cat In The Rain

In the short story â€Å"Cat in the Rain†, Hemingway portrays/ describes a relationship at risk and infers that the relationship will not survive. Hemingway contrasts the male and female characters against the background of a rainy day in Italy, because of the weather, the differences between them are brought out, her being restless and him being passive. The characters are an American couple apparently on vacation. The story opens with George the husband lying in bed neglecting the needs and wants of his wife The American girl. The American girl lonely and neglected spots something outside her window. By George neglecting his wife from the beginning we can reflect that the rainy day in Italy has set George’s tone and show’s his neglecting of responsibilities as a husband. The American wife’s feelings of dissatisfaction are focused on a cat she sees outside sheltering from the rain. At that very moment she realizes that the cat was the only thing that can make her feel warmth inside or maybe was she thinking about the padrone. Thinking about herself, she continuously annoys her husband with the idea of her having a cat. Leaving her room walking slowly down the hall she stumbled upon the padrone. â€Å"The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he waned to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands.†(line 30-33). Was all this talking in her head the way of telling herself that there are other people that really care about her? Still walking she reaches the door, was this the door that was about to change her life. As she walks outside she noticed the table under the window but no cat. Devastated and almost heart-broken she walks back into the hotel and feels a sense of real importance from the padrone, for that one special moment she truly felt the way she’s been wanting to feel but ha... Free Essays on Cat In The Rain Free Essays on Cat In The Rain Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain† Hemingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain† is a short story depicting a couples stay in Italy. The woman in the story sees a cat stranded outside in the rain and wants to bring him to her hotel room. When she goes to retrieve the cat, it is gone. However a short while later the cat is delivered to her room by the hotelkeeper. Hemingway helps the reader to appreciate â€Å"Cat in the Rain† through his use of setting, writing style, and character. Ernest Hemingway uses the setting in the short story â€Å"Cat in the Rain† to set a unique feeling. In the story â€Å"it was raining. The rain dripped from the palm leaves.† (Hemingway 408). The hotel is where the whole story takes place. The hotel was not very active on the rainy day. â€Å"There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room.† (Hemingway 408). The Italian atmosphere with the American guests in it gives definite volume to the setting. Ernest Hemingway also uses his writing style in â€Å"Cat in the Rain† to aid the reader in understanding and interpreting the short story. The point of view Hemingway tells â€Å"Cat in the Rain† from is very sexist. Hemingway displays his sexist attitude in the short story when the man, George, compliments the woman saying, â€Å"You look pretty darn nice,† (Hemingway 409), then in his next breath degrades her by telling her to â€Å"shut up and get something to read.† (Hemingway 409). Hemingway’s opposition to women is one of his notorious traits. Hemingway is also known to use little description in his works but rely confidently in the dialogue. In â€Å"Cat in the Rain† Hemingway balances both description and dialogue quite well. When describing the woman finding the cat, Hemingway writes: The American wife stood at the window looking out. Outside right under their window a cat was crouc... Free Essays on Cat In The Rain In the short story â€Å"Cat in the Rain†, Hemingway portrays/ describes a relationship at risk and infers that the relationship will not survive. Hemingway contrasts the male and female characters against the background of a rainy day in Italy, because of the weather, the differences between them are brought out, her being restless and him being passive. The characters are an American couple apparently on vacation. The story opens with George the husband lying in bed neglecting the needs and wants of his wife The American girl. The American girl lonely and neglected spots something outside her window. By George neglecting his wife from the beginning we can reflect that the rainy day in Italy has set George’s tone and show’s his neglecting of responsibilities as a husband. The American wife’s feelings of dissatisfaction are focused on a cat she sees outside sheltering from the rain. At that very moment she realizes that the cat was the only thing that can make her feel warmth inside or maybe was she thinking about the padrone. Thinking about herself, she continuously annoys her husband with the idea of her having a cat. Leaving her room walking slowly down the hall she stumbled upon the padrone. â€Å"The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he waned to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands.†(line 30-33). Was all this talking in her head the way of telling herself that there are other people that really care about her? Still walking she reaches the door, was this the door that was about to change her life. As she walks outside she noticed the table under the window but no cat. Devastated and almost heart-broken she walks back into the hotel and feels a sense of real importance from the padrone, for that one special moment she truly felt the way she’s been wanting to feel but ha...

History of Naturalization Requirements in the U.S.

History of Naturalization Requirements in the U.S. Naturalization is the process of gaining United States citizenship. Becoming an American citizen is the ultimate goal for many immigrants, but very few people are aware that the requirements for naturalization have been over 200 years in the making. Legislative History of Naturalization Before applying for naturalization, most immigrants must have spent 5 years as a permanent resident in the United States. How did we come up with the 5-year rule? The answer is found in the legislative history of immigration to the U.S. Naturalization requirements are set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the basic body of immigration law. Before the INA was created in 1952, a variety of statutes governed immigration law. Lets take a look at the major changes to naturalization requirements. Before the Act of March 26, 1790, naturalization was under the control of the individual states. This first federal activity established a uniform rule for naturalization by setting the residence requirement at 2 years.The Act of January 29, 1795, repealed the 1790 act and raised the residency requirement to 5 years. It also required, for the first time, a declaration of intention to seek citizenship at least 3 years before naturalization.Along came the Naturalization Act of June 18, 1798 - a time when political tensions were running high and there was an increased desire to guard the nation. The residence requirement for naturalization was raised from 5 years to 14 years.Four years later, Congress passed the Naturalization Act of April 14, 1802, which reduced the residence period for naturalization from 14 years back to 5 years.The Act of May 26, 1824, made it easier for the naturalization of certain aliens who had entered the U.S. as minors, by setting a 2-year instead of a 3-year interval between the declaration of intention and admission to citizenship. The Act of May 11, 1922, was an extension of a 1921 Act and included an amendment that changed the residency requirement in a Western Hemisphere country from 1 year to the current requirement of 5 years.Noncitizens who had served honorably in the U.S. armed forces during the Vietnam conflict or in other periods of military hostilities were recognized in the Act of October 24, 1968. This act amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, providing an expedited naturalization process for these military members.The 2-year continuous U.S. residence requirement was done away with in the Act of October 5, 1978.A major overhaul of immigration law occurred with the Immigration Act of November 29, 1990. In it, state residency requirements were reduced to the current requirement of 3 months. Naturalization Requirements Today Todays general naturalization requirements state that you must have 5 years as a lawful permanent resident in the U.S. prior to filing, with no single absence from the U.S. of more than 1 year. In addition, you must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the previous 5 years and resided within a state or district for at least 3 months. It is important to note that there are exceptions to the 5-year rule for certain people. These include: spouses of U.S. citizens; employees of the U.S. Government (including the U.S. Armed Forces); American research institutes recognized by the Attorney General; recognized U.S. religious organizations; U.S. research institutions; an American firm engaged in the development of foreign trade and commerce of the U.S.; and certain public international organizations involving the U.S. USCIS has special help available for naturalization candidates with disabilities and the government makes some exceptions on requirements for elderly people. Source: USCIS Edited by Dan Moffett

Enterprise Architecture Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise Architecture Final Exam - Assignment Example For the said paradigm of homogeneity to take place in the running of the Enterprise Architecture, it is important to have key deliverables in place. These deliverables are tangible tasks that must be performed to ensure the successful implementation of the company’s operating model (Schekkerman, 2004). There could indeed be as many of these deliverables as possible but classifying them is also possible. Classifications could bring about key deliverables such as road maps, made up of technology, process and people road maps; application portfolio management; IT risk management; standards and polices; and scenario planning may all be mentioned. Enterprise architecture framework is generally a tangible manifestation of the mindset of the enterprise architect towards the implementation of the enterprise architecture. To this end, an enterprise architecture framework may be said to be system for the provision of principles and practices that come together to constitute the architec ture description for the organization (Paras, 2005). Because of the differences in organizational structures, organizational demand for enterprise architecture and of course differences with preferences of enterprise architects, there are major types of enterprise architecture frameworks that may be used. ... There is also solution architecting mechanism (SAM), which is commonly used by architects who want to achieve set of integral modules. But for whichever form or example of enterprise architecture framework that is used, an outstanding identity is that these frameworks are made up of matrices and diagrams that manifest the domains, layers and models that the architect uses in initiating the enterprise architecture. Principles in general are rules and guidelines that inform the parameters based on which the achievement of organizational missions and goals is approached. In this regard, enterprise principles can be said to be the standardization of decision-making options within the organization for the common good of achieving governance stratification. On the other hand, architecture principles could be said to be rules and regulations that gives a level of uniformity in the across the enterprise and decisions on how enterprise architecture should be developed and maintained (Ross, We ill and Robertson, 2006). It is based on these premises that Weill, Subramani and Broadbent (2002) have identified enterprise architecture principle as a coordinated paradigm used for determining the focus of any given enterprise will utilize and deploy its scope of IT resources and properties (McGovern, Stevens and Sharan, 2004). There exist different examples of enterprise architecture, depending on what an organization wants to achieve. In the simplest forms however most organizations make use of examples of enterprise architecture principles including business principles, data principles, and application principles. Business principles cater for such areas of the enterprise architecture such as primacy of principles, information management as

Exploring the Universe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exploring the Universe - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that I found the data that assisted in the exploration of the universe overwhelming with the help of imagery. I could not even describe the images used for this unit coupled with the imagination I formed after exploring the data. For instance, galaxies can measure from hundreds of thousands to even tens of millions of light-years across. This means the light from those galaxies left their stars millions of years ago to collect on the cameras and lenses of telescopes like The Hubble. I found this information and images that accompanied it fascinating to the degree of revising them when I am stressed. Astronomy 1001 enabled me to come up with a therapy routine for when I am stressed from schoolwork. This therapy entails reading the class text or simply recalling the images and related data to calm down and feel relaxed. Astronomy 1001 made me realize the immense resources and potential human beings can harness from the cosmos. While focusing on the moon, human beings can benefit tremendously from the vast resources that nearby celestial bodies contain. After traveling to the moon during the Apollo mission, the enthusiasm that came along with the mission died gradually over the years. The United States, and even the EU and Russia, no longer expressed interest to return to the moon. This disinterest contributes greatly to the deteriorating investment in space programs that agencies like NASA and ESA have experienced for the few decades. Colonizing our natural satellite and nearly planets has become a phenomenon for Hollywood and other fiction writers to exploit. Astronomy 1001 made me realize that investments in space and technology research on the moon are near mandatory for a species that often considers itself the most intelligent on earth.

Observation Paper Essay Example for Free

Observation Paper Essay Conformity is behavior change designed to match the actions of others. During my research, I found many examples of conformitive behavior. I often related conformity to adolescents due to the fact that they usually do their best to try and fit in when it comes to group settings. This type of behavior can be seen in college students attending educational facilities away from home. Those that are in dorms tend to indulge in drinking even if they aren’t â€Å"big drinkers†. They do this to conform to that of others and to be included in the fun and try and fit in. One last example that I will discuss prior to getting into my own observation, was the study that was done my Crandall in 1988 which examined normative social influences involving bulimia in college sororities. Sororities are the true definition of conformity and those that don’t conform are usually not allowed to continue to pledge. In the particular sororities that were examined, Crandall found that it had its own norm when it came to the â€Å"right† amount of food to eat and the popularity within the sorority was associated with adhering to this norm. Those that wanted to be a part of the sororities needed to conform to the â€Å"norm† and fell into a bulimic state. These girls had to of known this was not healthy for them yet they wanted to continue to become of part of this group and follow the â€Å"norm† that was set out. To me, this is just ridiculous. Some of us have issues with conforming and I believe I’m one of those people. The observation that I decided to conduct was that of a military setting. I decided to do this based on the fact that when I was in the military, there were times when I struggled with those appointed over me because I knew the tasks that they were giving me were wrong. I wasn’t willing to conform when I knew it wasn’t right. This is where my â€Å"issue† with authority came into play. The military is one of, if not the largest, organization that requires conformity to the fullest. Those that don’t conform will be punished. During my reading I found a Japanese saying that really hit close to home. â€Å"The nail that sticks up gets hammered down†. What that means to me is that it’s better to not stand out in the group but rather conform and fall amongst them. Prior to the start of my observation, I had a background of the military setting so I guess we could call that an unfair advantage because maybe I didn’t go into this assignment with open-mindedness. I had the assumed idea that those being observed would  conform to the standards set forth by the military official in charge of them regardless if they thought that it was right/wrong. I envisioned that normative pressure would come into play since those that are in authoritative position are respected and looked up to. So, in order to support my assumption, I decided to have my wife, who is currently active duty and a Division Officer, assist me. She didn’t do this by choice, but I had her conform ï Å  I asked her to give personnel in her division orders that they would know were wrong. For instance, she gave three separate Sailors (2-E3, 1-E4) direction to go to McDonald’s to get her something to eat while in a duty status. Then, she briefed all of them at duty section muster that no one was authorized to leave the confines of the ship on their duty for any reason to include going to get something to eat. They all were aware this wasn’t allowed but being that she told them, they thought that it must be right. There was no questioning attitude, just a â€Å"yes Ma’am† by every single one. I wanted her to take it one step further so I asked her to do something that would affect the safety of Sailors and see how they responded. Would they conform? So, all her Sailors are required to wear protective head gear and glasses due to the dry dock environment and the hazards associated. She went to quarters and directed them all to come back tomorrow with only their hard hats. She stated glasses were no longer required. Not one person said anything when she gave this information out. No one questioned her but simply just went on about their days. The next day, over 75% of her personnel showed up without glasses. This was clearly a safety violation and could potentially have an impact on their individual safety but because she was an authoritative figure, they accepted that risk and conformed to what she stated. It wasn’t right but they did it anyway. After it was completed, she let them know that it was ok to question things that you thought weren’t right. She informed them about the study and stated that she was surprised so many had not followed their instincts and did the right thing. I wasn’t quite so shocked by the results. I saw a lot of Sailors do things that aren’t necessarily right because someone higher ranking told them and instead of questioning them, and possibly getting in trouble, they just did it. So, the results she got didn’t surprise me. In the military, it’s like the unspoken rule†¦just conform. Overall, this study was exactly what I thought it was going to be. In many  situations, we are uncertain how to think or act/react to those around us especially when it’s not the socially accepted â€Å"norm†. We tend to use the behavior and actions of others to dictate what were going to do. Informational social influence occurs because we conform using others as a source of information. That’s exactly what happened in my observation. No one stood up and said it was wrong so being that my wife told them it was right (she was the source of information), they did it! Was it right, no! This is where I think change needs to happen. Stand up for what you believe. Don’t just be rebellious because you can but have a reason and stand by it. Find people who believe in the same thing that you believe in and take a stance. Her Sailors should have confided in one another and they all should have worn their glasses to muster knowing that it was their safety that they were protecting. All of them should have stood up to protect themselves!

Germanys Sex and Gender Roles Essay -- Sociology Sociological Papers

Germany's Sex and Gender Roles What is it that makes up our identities? I mean us, not only Americans but other cultures as well, the entire world. When tracing back my family tree I learned that I am of half-German descent with a quarter French and another quarter Irish in me. I also think it is safe to say that a majority of the population reading this is of European lineage. I don’t say this to discriminate, only to be specific in the telling of my story. The story I am about to recite is about humans and about one of our basic needs for survival. Some will argue, saying that sex is not at all a basic need but let’s face it, without sex you wouldn’t be reading this intriguing article right now, and the world would be less fulfilled without the human reproduction process. Now that I have probably scared off the more ethical readers with my dirty talk I shall proceed. My story deals with the sex and gender roles that occur in the country of Germany. Why did I choose to study these roles in Germany? Well, it seemed like a good place to start, and being that I am 50% German maybe I can relate to some of these roles. We’ll see. When one chooses to study the sex and gender roles of a country it is quite easy for me to relate to the male population of the region. I believe that all heterosexual males desire the same common denominator from a relationship with another women. Yes, companionship is part of the desire but I have to be honest here, sex plays a major role in finding the right woman. So that was easy, I think most men in Germany agree with those two easy-to-read sentences stated above. Now here comes the difficult part, trying to figure out what women desire in a relationship. Being... ...n feel like she is in good hands. Can men who do housework protect their wives just as good? Maybe, but the West German women subconsciously saw these men as less â€Å"macho† than their eastern countrymen. So, did a cement wall allow one side of men to be more housewife like and the other side to be more manly? I believe it was not only the wall but also the government placed over the people. The easterners were frozen in a time where the men dominated and when that wall came down so did the western woman’s view of what a male should be. Their primal instincts drove them towards those dominating â€Å"macho† men of the East, and suddenly the fad is to acquire a man who will provide the maximum amount of protection, even if these men expected to be waited on by their newly conquered women.

Fresh Water Essay

The greatest similarity between fresh and salt water is that both are basically the same chemical – water, although the contents of other materials dissolved in it differ. Both contain some amount dissolved chemical in it though the quantities vary. Both form different links in the water cycle of the nature. Both are homes to aquatic life. Difference: Salt water contains much higher quantities of dissolved chemicals as compared to fresh water. This higher concentration of chemical also raises the density of salt water above that of fresh water. Plant and animals living in two types of water bodies are different. Salt water is found only as large standing bodies of water. Most of these are in form of seas and oceans, although though some lakes including very large ones considered to be sea also contain salt water. Fresh water is found in standing bodies of water called lakes, as well as running water as in rivers and streams. Fresh water is available in many other forms such as in rain, and ice caps in the poles and in very cold places. However no fresh water is found in seas and oceans. Fresh water is used for drinking as well as many industrial processes. However salt water is generally not suitable for most of the industrial use except for cooling. On the other hand salt water is used as a source of some chemicals, particularly common salt. Freshwater does not yield any such chemicals. Comparing Fresh water and ocean water, each has their differences. Most notable is animals living in each. The animals that live in the Salt â€Å"ocean† water would not survive in fresh water for an extended length of time. Same holds true for fresh water animals. However there are a few species that have adapted and can live in both. Some Salt water animals have also evolved to live in Fresh water. Humans cannot drink ocean water without dying. The salt in it dehydrates you to the point you die of thirst. In order to drink ocean water you have to desalinate it in one of many ways. Boiling it being one way. Ocean water also contains every natural element on the planet. If we could find a way to mine the water that is cost effective, we would have a lot more resources. Ocean water freezes at 26 degrees F and fresh at 32. While only 6 degrees difference in water terms that is huge. It prevents a vast amount of the oceans from freezing over in the winter, of course global warming has helped with that. As for your comment of only 3% of the worlds oceans is fresh water, it is very true. While there is a lot of surface area of fresh water the oceans are miles deep. The deepest point on Earth is approx 35,000ft below sea level or about 6. 75 miles down. Many of the deepest lakes only hit about 2000 to 3000 ft deep. Also when you compare the surface area of the fresh water bodies comparies to the oceans there isn’t much. The great lakes between Canada and the USA contain 20% of all fresh water on the planet. That is enough water to cover the entire USA with 9. 5 feet of water. When compared to the oceans that isn’t much. So don’t be surprised. Fresh water is lighter than salt water. Therefore, fresh water â€Å"floats† on top of salt water. This principle becomes extremely important when considering the drilling of a well in order to tap into the ground water of any island. The weight of the rain water that percolates into the ground depresses the salt water beneath it forming a profile that has the appearance of a lens. This is called the Ghyben-Herzberg lens. The principle of this relationship was discovered independently by a Dutch scientist named Baden-Ghyben and a German scientist named Herzberg. The underground boundary that separates the fresh water layer from the salt water is not a sharp boundary line. In reality, this boundary is a transition zone of brackish water (fresh/salt mixture). This is caused by seasonal fluctuations in rainfall, tidal action, and the amount of water being withdrawn either by humans or by natural discharge. Fresh water has a density of 1. 0 while salt water has a density of 1. 025. From this, you can see that salt water is slightly heavier than fresh water. The ratio between the two is 41:40. The formation of the Ghyben-Herzberg lens has a profound effect upon the availability of fresh water on an island. This principle essentially states that for every foot of ground water above sea level there are forty feet of fresh water below sea level! The mathematical formula for the fresh to salt water relationship is: hs = hf / es – ef where hs is the depth of fresh water below sea level, hf is the depth of fresh water above sea level, es is the density of salt water, and ef is the density of fresh water. Using the common density figures for fresh and salt water the formula can thus be simplified into hs = hf / . 025 Understand that this applies only to fresh ground water that is sitting directly on an intruded body of salt water. It has no meaning on a large island where an inland body of ground water may be confined by layers and dikes of lava rock. On islands that are largely composed of dense lava rock, little if any salt water intrudes very far into the underlying rock structure. It is generally only in shoreline regions that salt water intrudes into the cracks, crevices, and loose rock spaces. On low, small islands that are largely composed of coral or other porous materials, salt water intrusion into the underlying interior is quite common. The drilling or digging of wells on these islands and especially on along the shoreline must be done with care. Going too deeply will penetrate the transition zone and result in salt water infiltration and the contamination of the fresh water in the well. I have seen such a well dug in solid lava rock along the shoreline in the Ka’ u District on the island of Hawai‘i. This well was located a few feet above the high tide line approximately a hundred feet from the ocean. The opening was rectangular, about 3 1/2 feet wide, and 6+ feet long. On one end a set of stairs had been cut into the rock allowing one to walk down five or six feet to the level of the well water. This well was unused as there are no dwellings or settlements in the immediate area. In fact, the area was considered to be â€Å"range† land where a few head of cattle managed to find enough to eat in this dry, desert-like environment. The size and construction of the well indicated that at one time it may have served a considerable number of people and possibly even an old Hawaiian village. Unfortunately the well had been abandoned and neglected. It contained a fair amount of decaying leaves and grass. There was also a considerable amount of broken glass from beer bottles that had been thrown against the interior sides of the well. This was probably done by shore fishermen who frequented the area from time to time and used the well as a convenient trash dump during evening camping parties. Nonetheless, the well serves as an excellent example of the Ghyben-Herzberg lens’s importance to the availability of fresh water in a place where one might think that none can be found. I already had listed some differences of salt water versus fresh water so here are some similarities;

Microbiology and Unknown Bacteria Lab

Unknown Bacteria Lab Report Introduction The purpose to this lab was to identify an unknown bacteria from a mixed culture provided to us by our instructor. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been instructed on thus far in microbiology laboratory class. Each test performed, provided us with some key information about the unknown organism in question and how the bacteria function. Over a two week period, eight prepared types of test media were provided to identify the assigned unknown mixed cultures. Not all of these tests were performed on every culture, as some were used only for gram positive or gram negative bacteria. The tests performed and what constituted a positive or negative test are as follows: Lab day 1; today in lab we obtained the unknown mixed culture â€Å"041†and one brain-heart infusion agar (BHIA). The first step was the preparation of the medium, the bottom of the BHIA dish was labeled with the bacterium number, initials, and section; then divided into four quadrants. The second step, we used the septic technique to transfer a small amount of culture with a flame-sterilized inoculating loop to the first quadrant, flamed and cooled the loop again then transferred a small amount of the culture from the first quadrant to the second using the quadrant streaking method as illustrated on page 18 of the lab manual, repeating this process until all four quadrants were properly streaked. Lab day 2; we collected our BHIA medium and began by identifying the morphology and cell-to cell arrangements of the colonies. Two different colonies were observed, the first colony was yellow in color and larger in size and the white colored colony was slightly smaller in size. As instructed, each colony was prepared for gram staining, one slide for the large yellow colony and one for the smaller white colony. After properly gram staining the slides as directed in chapter six of the lab manual, the smears were examined under†¦

Ozraptor - Facts and Figures

Ozraptor - Facts and Figures Name: Ozraptor (Greek for lizard from Oz): pronounced OZ-rap-tore Habitat: Woodlands of Australia Historical Period: Middle Jurassic (175 million years ago) Size and Weight: About nine feet long and 100 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; bipedal posture About Ozraptor Sometimes, a single leg bone can be enough to shed light on a creature that lived 175 million years ago. Thats the case with the Australian Ozraptor, the partial tibia of which was first identified as belonging to a Jurassic turtle, and then reassigned to a new (and relatively early) genus of theropod (meat-eating dinosaur) closely related to the South American Abelisaurus. Until more fossil specimens are identified, though, thats all we may ever know about this distinctively named dinosaurand you should know that many experts are extremely skeptical about the existence of various dinosaur families, such as tyrannosaurs and ornithomimids (bird mimics), in the lands Down Under. One thing you we can definitely say about Ozraptor is that it was not technically a raptor, the family of dinosaurs typified by the North American Deinonychus and the central Asian Velociraptor (somewhat confusingly, paleontologists love to attach the raptor root to non-raptor dinosaurs, such as Gigantoraptor and Megaraptor). Raptors were a distinctive family of theropods that lived during the middle to late Cretaceous period, and were characterized, among other things, by their presumed coats of feathers and single, oversized, curving claws on each of their hind feetthus ruling out the middle Jurassic Ozraptor, whatever type of dinosaur it turns out to be!

How to establish a performance improvement plan

How to establish a performance improvement plan One of the biggest challenges of working in Human Resources can be the role that you play in employee struggles and difficulties: poor performance reviews, disciplinary action, conflicts between employee and manager, etc. It can feel like you’re caught in the middle- you’re not necessarily the employee or the manager, but you’re there to represent both their interests and those of the company, so your role is a delicate one. Part of that role is facilitating performance improvement plans (PIPs) to help struggling employees get back on track in their jobs.Why use a performance improvement plan?A PIP is a tool at HR’s disposal to help restore a worsening situation. Maybe the employee has chronic difficulties with his or her role, or maybe there was an incident that has shaken his or her manager’s confidence in their job performance. A PIP is a chance to say, â€Å"Okay, this situation is not great, but there’s potential to turn things around.à ¢â‚¬  It’s a formal document and process, acknowledged by the employee and his or her manager, that there are certain steps that the employee needs to complete before his or her performance is stabilized.It’s important to note that a PIP is not necessarily a last stop on the way to firing an employee. Instead, look at it as a way to acknowledge that performance has been poor, but that there are ways to move on with clearer expectations from all involved. It can help ensure that the employee is receiving the resources he or she needs to do the job, if that support was lacking before and contributed to mistakes or poor performance.What is HR’s role in creating a PIP?The Human Resources role can vary according to the size and type of company, but there are some baseline issues you can expect to address as an HR manager:Documenting circumstances- why the employee is being placed on a PIP, what the manager’s concerns are, what the employee’s response i s, and any other factors that need to be made clearEnsuring that the employee knows his or her rights in the situationProviding information or resources that the employee needs to succeed under the PIP, such as training or company policySupporting the manager in implementing the PIP for the employeeDeveloping an action plan for both the manager and the employeeThe HR role is one of support and guidance, and making sure that all parties are engaged in the process of making the work situation better for all involved.  hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});What’s included in a PIP?The PIP is not meant to be an accusatory tool, piling on to scare or intimidate the employee into improving, or else. Rather, it’s a way to get everything in writing and make sure that everyone is clear on expectations moving forward- particularly if there are consequences if the employee does not meet particular benchmarks.A PIP should include:Written documentati on of the problematic behavior or performance issueA specific description of the expectations for the employee’s performanceA list of the resources that will be provided to the employee to improve performanceAn explicit follow-up plan, including timeframes, a schedule of meetings with the employee, or other milestones set between the manager and employeeConsequences for failure to meet the benchmarks in the plan, if applicableThere may not be a one-size-fits-all PIP for your HR department. As the HR rep, you’re part of a collaborative process so it’s important to make sure that the PIP you’re developing is applicable to the particular situation and allows for input by both the manager and employee as well.Best practices for implementing a PIPAs you know, part of your role in HR is helping to defuse tense workplace situations with proactive steps and productive solutions. The employee probably isn’t happy (hence the issues), the manager isn’t happy to have to deal with this, and no one wants to be told they’re not doing well. Navigating an unhappy situation while trying to put a mechanism in place to get things back on track is challenging, no question. Here are some best practices you should consider as you create a PIP.Be clear, in writing, about the behavior or performance that merits the PIP.Provide specific examples of each type of behavior or poor performance.Create a dialogue about potential reasons for the behavior or poor performance. Give the employee an opportunity to express his or her understanding of the issue and of the performance expectations.Create a written improvement plan with specific, measurable goals for the employee to meet on a clear timeline. Make sure to include any consequences that may happen if the employee fails to meet particular benchmarks, if applicable.Set up a time to meet with the employee or manager to review the employee’s progress along the way.If at all possible, u se an automation system to track performance and ease your way into a PIP implementation planRemember, the goal here is growth- not punishment. You want everyone involved to feel comfortable with the plan moving forward. And ideally, the plan will help address the underlying issues that caused the poor performance in the first place.How to approach a PIP with an employeeImplementing a PIP can be a touchy situation- the employee is likely feeling embarrassed that things have gotten to this point and could be emotional or defensive. Here are some things you can do to help make the plan implementation easier on everyone.Let them know you’re in their corner. The employee may feel overwhelmed, so the idea that someone has their best interests at heart during a tough time can help.Get the employee’s perspective on the issue. Let them explain where they think things went wrong and see if they have a different perspective on what the expectations were, whether they were lackin g in resources, etc. It’s possible the employee has a different interpretation of how or why things went wrong, and it’s important to get both sides.Balance the negative with some positive. Let the employee know what he or she is doing well, instead of hitting the negative over and over.Don’t be vague or ambiguous. Provide clear examples of the problematic behavior, as well as the next steps needed to correct the issue. Also be clear about the impact of his or her behavior or poor performance.Give constructive feedback. Saying â€Å"this is unacceptable,† or â€Å"just be better,† without offering potential solutions or next steps is unlikely to help the employee correct the issue. Give recommendations about how they can improve. He or she already knows that she has to improve, but may not be clear on how to approach it.Make time to meet with the employee. Make sure he or she feels supported throughout the process. It’s not enough to say, â €Å"Okay, here’s the plan, do this.† Checking in can help ensure that a) progress is happening, and b) the employee understands what’s expected at every step.One thing to remember is that PIPs are not a magic fix for work disasters or poor performance. They’re a tool you can offer to your employees as a way to right the ship before it sinks and before someone loses a job or the company suffers further consequences from the poor performance. As long as everything is clearly defined (the source of the problem, the consequences of the problem, and the specific plan for remedying the problem) and you work closely with employees and managers to implement it, it can be one of the most effective and successful tools you have for turning around poor performance. A bit of optimism and a lot of careful documentation can go a long way in ensuring employee success, even after a failure.

Development of Teaching Strategies Research Paper

Development of Teaching Strategies - Research Paper Example While developing a teaching strategy, some of the points that must be considered include but are not limited to the objectives of teaching and its learning outcomes, the needs of students, the desires of students, the previous experience of the students as learners and the strategies of teaching that they are used to, the expertise of the teacher, the resources available to the teacher, and the possible impact of the adjustments made in the teaching method on the teacher. This paper discusses the development of teaching strategies. Fundamentals of Effective Teaching Significance of subject in the teaching strategy Developing an effective teaching strategy is integrally linked with the subject that needs to be taught. Learning needs differ from one subject to another. On one hand, there are subjects that are entirely theoretical e.g. history, politics, and philosophy whereas on the other hand, there are subjects that are mathematical e.g. math and physics etcetera. There is also a thi rd category of subjects that are both theoretical and mathematical simultaneously depending upon the course selected for that subject e.g. risk management. To be able to impart maximum knowledge to the students, it is imperative that a teacher assesses the individualistic needs of the subject being taught. For instance, developing a teaching strategy for the subject of â€Å"History† might not require a teacher to take the students on a field visit because most of the knowledge is essentially gained merely by reading the books whereas for the subject of â€Å"Geology†, a teacher might never consider the job done unless the students have been taken to a field visit and have been provided with an opportunity to see, touch, and feel the rocks, minerals, and metals that constitute a particular strata of Earth. Equal attention While teaching, it is the moral and ethical responsibility of a teacher to provide all students with equal attention. Disparity in the division of at tention of a teacher among the students is one of the causes of poor academic performance of certain students; the ones that are neglected or not sufficiently attended to. â€Å"In this task, teachers are crucial because of the central role they play in promoting participation and reducing underachievement, particularly with children who might be perceived as having difficulties in learning† (Rouse 1). (McGhie-Richmond, Underwood, and Jordan) carried out a study to investigate the skills required for effective teaching in the elementary teachers in the inclusive classrooms. The researchers’ objective was to find out if the appearance of the constructivist skills follows from or is independent of the mastery of more transmissive behaviors of teaching. The researchers found that the patterns of behaviors of teaching were consistent across the students, though the academically ‘at risk’ students were found to be receiving differentiated instruction and less a ttention of the teacher as compared to other students. Differentiated teaching The term â€Å"differentiated teaching† means planning of ways by the teachers to address differences in such factors as age, culture, profile of multiple intelligences, ethnicity, temperament, personality style, development and possible delays in development, and styles of learning of

MCS 146F Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

MCS 146F Midterm - Essay Example The other part of the press is the handle, which is mounted on the upper section of the machine and is used to apply pressure onto the printing media. It has a series of levers to multiple the force being applied by the one operating the machine. Counterweights are a very vital part of the press and perform key functions. The purpose of the counterweights, which are located adjacent to the handle, is to ensure that the force of the impression is increased. Moreover, the weights are used in raising the platen after every single impression (Eisenstein 129). This allows for the next impression without much force being required. The press is raised from the ground level by four metallic legs that terminate in molded feet. A closer look at the end of the supports suggests that they resemble the claws of a lion. The four supports are well spread to increase stability of the machine when it is not in use and when it is functioning. In addition to this, the platen is located a few meters from the ground so that the center of gravity can be lowered and ensure that the machine remains in a stable state when other parts are being moved. The Colombian press has talons with eagle clutches. These are incorporated into the design as a symbol of war. It also has olive branches on some talons to show prosperity. At one end of the counterweights, there are arrows that rest on a crescent moon. The other ends of the arrow in the counter masses are coiled to form a dolphin with open jaws. The coiling allows it to hold the hook of the press bridle thus facilitating a connection with the upper end of the levers. Another dolphin like part is extended from the counterbalance to connect it with the main lever. This mechanism works in synchrony to pass the forces that is exerted by the operator to the media on that the printing is to be done. The press also has two pillars that are embellished with cadeus intervened with what appears to

The Benefits of Smaller Classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Benefits of Smaller Classes - Essay Example The Baldwin   (1993: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272)   learning has limits that propose extra inquiries may add to the facts accounting studies. In his study, Baldwin disclosed that a large section whereas doctoral students trained the smaller classes and that this teacher observed some burden to do a decent job so as not to teaching status. Baldwin’s goal was not to regulate variables other than strength proportions, but to match outcomes from Introductory Accounting communicated in a bulk-lecture design by an exceptional teacher to results achieved by doctoral student teachers in smaller divisions. Lastly, Baldwin writes, ‘Another limitation common to this type of experimentation is that the outcome assessment tool used was a set of multiple choice examinations’ (1993, p. 110: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272). Hill (1998: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272) also recognized limits of founding performance indicators on multiple choice questions and the lecture technique. She documented that multiple choice questions do not permit teachers to assess high-order reasoning abilities.

Regulation of Advertising in the UAE

Regulation of Advertising in the UAE Contents (Jump to) Introduction Cases of regulation in the United Arab Emirates Top exercise in compliance Advertising Standards in UAE Aims Standards in association to advertisements Conclusion Bibliography Introduction With numerous advertising messages contending for the responsiveness of the potential customers, it might be appropriate to determine that there is enormous pressure on both advertisers and advertising agencies to make sure that their advertisements are the most notable. Further seeing that the normal time taken to make an impression using sign board adverts is seemingly between five to three seconds, the pressure to make sure that an advert is efficient increases vitally (Waldo, 2012). As an outcome of the competition for the consideration of the potential customers, advertisers might feel attracted to overstate the features and qualities of services or products offered, or use other means of language that may result in being more notable than precise (Waldo, 2012). Taking account of the large investment sources gotten to tolerate behind advertising campaigns and the effect that effective campaign can have in attaining greater sales or greater customer commitment, it is not just the customers that are in need of protection from misleading adverts, but also trade competitors (Advertising Standards for the UAE, 2013). Misleading or overstated claims in adverts about the benefits of or features of a product may be detrimental to the sales of contending products and may incidentally indicate insufficiencies in contending products. For example, an assertion that product A gives you the complete satisfaction and there is no other product as such, this clearly indicates that other similar products in the market are insufficient in comparison with product A as they do not deliver same level of satisfaction (Setting up an advertising agency in the UAE, 2013). Cases of regulation in the United Arab Emirates In some dominions, such as for instance the UK, advertising is fundamentally structured through sovereign self-regulating bodies, as well as certain legislation. In the UAE no such self-regulating body exits and advertising is regulated through a mixture of requirements drafted from laws emphasizing on the protection of customers and on the other hand, the happenings of businesses that might establish prejudicial competition. The Executive Regulation to the Customer Protection Law delivers that the customers have a privilege to be delivered with the facts that support them in appropriate consumption and purchases. The Executive Regulation further precisely deals with advertising, providing: â€Å"No individual will be allowed to advertise in any medium any service or goods in a manner which results in mystifying or misleading customers.† (Waldo, 2012). The Department for Customer Protection is the suitable governmental department which deals with customer complaints and the Customer Protection Law delivers for a minimum fine in the occurrence of an infringement of the law. Customers distressed by deceiving adverts may consequently address their complaints unswervingly to the Department for Customer Protection (Zainab, 2014). Additionally, to the provisions of the Customer Protection Law, the Suppression of Fraud Executive Regulation discourses salable declarations whether made indirectly or directly providing: â€Å"must be appropriate in all reverences whether placed on shops, inside shops, products, or on invoices, packaging, correspondence, advertising tool or material or any other things used to deliver goods to the customers.† Commercial statements are identified in the Fraud Regulation to comprise for instance the â€Å"specifications and power† and â€Å"configuration† of products and as such, advertisin g comprising germane claims that are not correct in any reverence will be in infringement of the Fraud Regulation. The domain of the Fraud Regulation is much inclusive than the sheer emphasize on â€Å"commercial statements† as demarcated therein, as it also delivers that a trader may not recourse to any approach that would mislead or confuse the customers as well as delivering that â€Å"A merchant, producer, manufacturer may not† (Michael, 2010). Additionally, to the above stated regulation and laws governing advertising acts, the Commercial Transactions Law delivers additional protection to the potential competitors in trade that may be influenced by deceiving adverts. The Commercial Transactions Law delivers that a â€Å"dealer must not recourse to cheating and fraud when making his goods, nor may he publish or spread deceitful specifics that are detrimental to the interests of another competitor trader†. Where a dealer is shamefaced of disobeying this provision, it will be accountable to pay the damages (Anita, 2013). Though, in UAE there is no existence of self-regulating body that delivers a platform for the submission and hearing of advertising associated complaints, the United Arab Emirates legal system delivers numerous mechanisms through which traders and customers can complain against deceiving and misleading advertising. There is consequently no reason for either customers or trader to accept deceiving and irresponsible adverts in the UAE, specifically where advertisers should take appropriate consideration of the vital language and cultural differences that occur in the customer population in the UAE (Michael, 2010). Top exercise in compliance There is a probability that the UAE governments increased emphasize on customer protection and attempts to make customers aware of their privileges as customers may lead to more crucial evaluation of advertising claims by both government officials and customers. In contradiction of the circumstantial of advertising regulation in the UAE and the greater general social accountability of advertisers to customers, advertisers should make sure as a top exercise that internal advertising authorization must also include suitable legal review and legal compliance authorization (Mo, 2013) Advertising Standards in UAE Upon publication in the Federal Newspaper, the latest Advertising Standards will oblige to unite the various fundamentals regulating content in association to advertisements in the UAE, underlining numerous principle decrees (Anita, 2013). Aims With a perspective of making sure that the advertising industry’s act in accordance with the laws and regulations of the UAE, the latest Standards governing advertising are proposed to: Impart reverence for the local cultural, social and religious values and beliefs which triumph in the UAE. Fortify the independence of expression of the media. Form the advertising division as one which contributes to the progression of economic growth in the UAE and make sure that all advertising content is; honest, unbiased, have respect for the privacy of individuals and protects the public from detrimental effects (Anita, 2013). Standards in association to advertisements The advertising Standards define ideologies in association to all old-style and digital adverts published or broadcast via any media organization and channel in the UAE. Though the advertising Standards does not set out the meaning of these terms, they may be perceived generally to involve advertisements issued by stores, for instance (Advertising Standards for the UAE, 2013). Many of the Standards defined in the Advertising Standards repeat ideologies already formed under numerous prevailing regulations and legislations, while others comes with new laws regulating advertising content in the province and advertisements (Advertising Standards for the UAE, 2013). Here is the summary of the key standards below: Reverence for political and religion institutions – All the advertising content must account for respect to all religions and must not in any way offend Islamic values. It must not disregard the government of the UAE and/or the political institutions and symbols thereof. Forbidden services/products – The advertising Standards clearly forbid the advertising of products like alcohol, tobacco and all other banned products or services. Forbidden content – The standard forbid the publication of pictures and words that breach public ethics. They also forbid the propagation and spread of information that may prejudice women or children or public in general. The standard also forbids the incitement of hatred, sectarianism and violence through advertising content. Privacy – With a perspective to protect the privacy of the public, the Standards clearly forbids the broadcast and publication misleading rumors and news. Customer protection – The Standards mandate obedience with the rules regulating customer protection and commercial activities specifically in association to anti-competitive unlawful monopolies and practices. Health legislations – Advertising content associated pharmaceutical products or medicines must be in compliance with the laws defined by Cabinet Resolution No. 7 of 2007 Regarding Health Advertisements legislations. Conclusion The rules and regulations mentioned above is the framework of how advertisements are governed in the UAE. Any company selling their products or services in UAE must comply with all these rules and regulations when before marketing their product or advertising it, any failure to comply with these may lead to crucial penalties (Shani, 2010). Bibliography Advertising Standards for the UAE. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.thelawyer.com/briefings/advertising-standards-for-the-uae/3001344.article Anita, S. (2013). ADVERTISING STANDARDS FOR THE UAE. Retrieved from http://www.tamimi.com/en/magazine/law-update/section-5/february-4/advertising-standards-for-the-uae.html Michael, H. (2010). UAE Health Advertisements Regulation Could Challenge Industry. Retrieved from http://www.camlawblog.com/articles/international/uae-health-advertisements-regulation-could-challenge-industry/ Mo, A. (2013). The UAE National Media Council regulates dialects in advertising. Retrieved from http://www.measuredpr.com/2013/01/18/the-uae-national-media-council-regulates-dialects-in-advertising/ Setting up an advertising agency in the UAE. (2013). Retrieved from http://ameinfo.com/smeinfo/fact_finder/setting-up-an-advertising-agency-in-the-uae/ Shani, S. (2010). Consumer Protection Law of UAE. Retrieved from http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=4999 Steve, B. (2014). Sports sponsorship: advertising restrictions in the GCC. Retrieved from http://www.sportspromedia.com/guest_blog/sports_sponsorship_advertising_restrictions_in_the_gcc Waldo, S. (2012). Advertising Regulations in the UAE. Retrieved from http://www.tamimi.com/en/magazine/law-update/section-6/september-2/advertising-regulations-in-the-uae.html Zainab, C. (2014). Misleading Trade Descriptions And Sanctions Thereof. Retrieved from http://www.thelawyer.com/briefings/advertising-standards-for-the-uae/3001344.article

Lebanese Awakening :: history

Lebanese Awakening Under the Ottoman Empire, the Lebanese enjoyed a social & cultural development phase that was flourishing. The Lebanese Christians kept good ties with the Europeans that would occasionally visit and spread their influence. The Ottoman reform had an impact on every part of the Empire, including a major role in Lebanon. The Muslims recognized the strength and superiority of the western military; therefore they adopted some of the westerners’ methods. The Muslims feared the western domination, but were subject to change for scientific enhancements. However, the Lebanese were living through a â€Å"ray of freedom† in which they wanted to modernize and enhance their ways of life. The population density in Lebanon was crowded and that kept people in communities. The Lebanese are also open to foreign influence. They now have secure lives and own property. Some young Lebanese went to Italy to become priests. Of them, some went on to spread Orientalism in Paris and Rome while the rest came back to open schools to preach in. During the 18th century the influence from Roman graduates started to show. Through the church reforms, education was spreading through the opening of schools in Bqrqasha, Louwaze and Zougharta. In the 18th century, the best Maronite education was in Ayn Waraqa. These graduates carried on to become powerful figures through the 19th century. The Greek Catholics came from Syria to Lebanon to join the maronites and improve literacy. Main problem was that only well-off families could be educated while the rest stayed ignorant. The Muslims didn’t want the Arabic language to be used because they considered it sacred and holy. The only education Islamic people taught were religion and the Koran. In return the Druze and Greek Orthodox were the only ones left without superfluous educational levels. Besides the Druze protected their holy texts so much they had nothing to learn. The next problem rose with the lack of books. As schools opened, there were less and less books available because they were handwritten. The press could not use Arabic because of the Muslims so they used Syriac. First books written were about religion, and then eventually developed into culture. The cultural movement didn’t have a popular effect, because only a minority was getting educated. Niqula Turk was a pioneering Lebanese poet that awakened new ambitions among his younger contemporaries. Al-Turk represented a wide literary movement in which more poets were rising such as Butrus Karam.

Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Groups Essay

Cooperation from members of the public is important in order for police officers to effectively fight crime within the community. In order to obtain cooperation from members of the public, police officers must gain their trust and confidence. It has been known that African Americans and Hispanics have lower levels of trust and confidence in police because of racial disparities and racial profiling. This paper will discuss the public opinion of police by different ethnic groups and how racial minorities hold lower levels of trust and confidence in police. The paper will further discuss the November 5, 1992 Detroit Police beating of Malice Green and how members of the community perceived police response after the beating. Express your opinion on the topic African Americans and Hispanics have lower levels of trust and confidence in police because of racial disparities and racial profiling. Research has also shown that lower-income African Americans hold negative views of police in general. Cooperation from individuals within the community comes from gaining trust and confidence within the police (Tyler, 2005). The public is more willing to cooperate with police when trust and confidence is at a higher rate (Tyler, 2005). If members of the community do not trust the police system, then they will not use it (Tyler, 2005). Research has shown that Whites and minorities help police in three different ways. The first is by reporting crimes and criminals (Tyler, 2005). The second is by working within their neighborhood to fight crime (Tyler, 2005). And the third is by supporting the disbursement of public resources to the police (Tyler, 2005). In 2002, 1,653 New Yorkers were surveyed in regards to the NYPD and policing activities in their nei ghborhood. Survey questions included: 1.) â€Å"How likely would you be to call the police to report a crime that was occurring in your neighborhood?† 2.) â€Å"How likely would you be to help the police to find someone suspected of committing a crime by providing them with information?† and 3.) â€Å"How likely would you be to report dangerous or suspicious activities in your neighborhood to the police?† (Tyler, 2005) The survey also asked how often the police â€Å"use ethnic slurs against people in your neighborhood,† â€Å"treat people disrespectfully because of their race,† â€Å"abuse people physically because of their race,† and â€Å"bully or intimidate people because of their race?† (Tyler, 2005) Results from the study indicated that respondents who were White had higher levels of trust and confidence in police than minorities (Tyler, 2005). Hispanics confidence in police was intermediate of Whites and Blacks (Tyler, 2005). Racial profiling has been a hot topic recently and has influenced citizen’s perceptions of police. Minorities that been stopped due to racial profiling are more willing to voice their dissatisfaction with the police. Minorities who have not been racially profiled but hear stories about racial profiling ma y be more skeptical of future experiences with police. Research has found that minorities tend to rate officer legitimacy in a more objective manor when stopped by a minority officer (Tyler, 2005). Minorities that are stopped by White officers tend to be more skeptical of the officer behavior (Tyler, 2005). African Americans are the most skeptical of police behavior and especially believe they are treated unfairly when a White officer stops them (Tyler, 2005). Police officers race could be an important factor in improving citizen and officer relations. Having a diverse law enforcement agency can help better develop relationships within the community as well as build trust and confidence, and assist in effective policing by encouraging support and cooperation from citizens of the community. Understanding how officer race can influence the perceptions of police by minorities is very important in today’s society because police organizations have increasingly received complaints for targeting minority drivers during traffic stops (Cochran, Warren, 2012). It has been known that racial profiling is mostly associated with White officers. Data taken from the 2005 Police Public Contact Survey indicated that Black males and females negatively evaluated police behavior when stopped by a White officer, even if the officer provided a good reason to stop them (Cochran, Warren, 2012). If the officer  is a minority, the response received was completely opposite (Cochran, Warren, 2012). With that being said, minority citizens who are stopp ed by a minority officer rate officer legitimately more objectively than if stopped by a White officer (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Research also showed that African Americans have a higher propensity for viewing police behavior as well as the justice systems illegitimate (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Findings in regards to skepticism of police by Hispanic males and females came up invalid. Therefore suggesting that the rift between police and citizens is focused within African American communities (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Include at least one contemporary event as an example to illustrate the main points On November 5, 1992, six white officers and one black supervising officer of the Detroit Police Department had repeatedly punched, kicked, and bludgeoned Malice Green, a Detroit African American resident, who later died because of the injuries (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Mr. Green’s death was ruled as a homicide by â€Å"blunt force trauma to the head.† All seven of the officers were suspended. The media coverage was so intense and focused, therefore fostering an image of police as antagonistic or unresponsive to African Americans (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). In July 1992 and November 1992, the Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies completed an in-home interview with 1,124 residents in the Detroit area. The survey-contained questions pertaining to the perceptions of how Blacks were treated by police and how quickly did they respond to your calls for help. Results showed that Blacks were more skeptical than whites were on police response to calls for help (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Blacks were also more suspicious that police would abuse powers during traffic stops (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Conclusion Research has shown African Americans express the lowest levels of trust within police whereas Whites express the highest level of trust within police and Hispanics are in the middle (Tyler, 2005). Research has also shown that the public is more willing to cooperate with police when trust and confidence is at a higher rate (Tyler, 2005). If members of the community do not trust the police system, then they will not use it (Tyler, 2005). Research has further shown that minority citizens who are stopped by  a minority officers rate officer legitimately more objectively than if stopped by a White officer (Tyler, 2005). References Cochran, J. C., & Warren, P. Y. (2012, May). Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Police. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 28(2), 206-227. Sigelman, L., Welch, S., Bledsoe, T., & Combs, M., (1997, December). Police Brutality and Public Perceptions of Racial Discrimination: A Tale of Two Beatings. Political Research Quarterly, 50(4), 777-791. Tyler, T. R. (2005, September). Policing in Black and White: Ethnic Group Differences in Trust and Confidence in the Police. Police Quarterly, 8(3), 322-342.

Humanities and Architecture †Gio Ponti Essay

Sculpture is created by merging durable or plastic material, commonly stone either rock or marble, limestone, ivory, and/or granite. Sculptures are created through carving and/or assembled, built together and welded, or molded by sculptors. In addition, sculptures are three-dimensional art-work that can be seen commonly in public places. In renaissance period, many sculptors were known in Europe. Some of the sculptors known in continental Europe were Giovanni and Michelangelo. Example of a sculpture is the Pantheon that was made by Marcus Agrippa, a Roman sculptor. On the other hand, architecture can be defined through as process and as a profession. As a process, architecture is the act of drafting and constructing buildings and other physical structures, principally to draft buildings. In literary context, architecture takes into account more of the designs of the structures. From the macro level of how a building combines with its surrounding landscape (e. g. rural design, and landscape architecture) to the micro level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture, architecture plays a major role in its construction. Basically, architecture is the activity of drafting any variety of system. System integration Merging architecture and sculpture in modern world is called Archi-Sculpture. Innovations applied in construction and project designs through modern day technologies and discoveries new materials allowed architects to draft buildings with sculpture type designs. One of the purpose of mixing architecture and sculpture in buildings make sense in designing structures that are historical, exquisite and scenic depending on the type/kind of buildings. Example of structures in which Archi-sculpture can be seen includes Sagrada Familia in Barcelona and Crypt of the Church of Colonia Guell by Gaudi. Implicitly, sculpture and architecture are two different areas of studies which are overlapping in nature. Sculpture became more useful and tectonic, making a link with the geometric designs which are fundamentals of architecture. Likewise, architecture became revolutionary with the used of sculptural concepts and/or ideas. In example, the dramatic architecture of R. Steiner defined the propinquity between anthropomorphous architecture and figurative sculpture. In our modern day living, the Blob architecture of Greg Lynn and Lars Spuybroek are examples of Archi-sculpture. The pre-World War II era (1900’s) was recognized as the Age of Sculpture, today. In the history of architecture, the curved walls in Gallery exemplify a good example of sculptural style in modern day structural design. On the whole, sculpture and architecture are two different studies that can be mixed, wherein statues and buildings complement to each other, designs and drafts could include sculpture concepts, and sculptures are better seen along and within structures. Demarcation between sculpture and architecture Sculptors are the laborers of their own work. They are the ones who carves, mould rocks, stones, and marbles to make statues and figures. Unlike architects, they are only responsible for the design of the buildings. They are not the ones who make the buildings; the engineers are the ones who implement/follow the designs of the architects. In addition, sculptures are more of aesthetics, beautifications, historical and part of culture. Architecture focus on how to design structures, involves drafting, used of materials, designs, used of geometric forms, and concerns with space. While the rationale of sculpture is to entertain, architecture’s focal point is to create/draft structures. Consequently, sculpture is more of subjective (art) than objective nature (and vice versa for architecture concepts). Gaudi and Mies architectural style Gaudi’s gothic architecture was remembered as stylistic insult during the later part of renaissance. It was described with pointed arch, the ribbed vault and flying buttress. Many of the old churches, universities, castles, and palaces were designed using gothic architecture. The Sagrada Familia, one of Gaudi’s greatest designs, combines sculptural and architectural ideas. Until today, the construction of Sagrada Familia is still continuing. With the project’s vast scale and peculiar design, Barcelona made its way in top tourist attractions in the world. Its style was celebrated as irregular and fantastically obscure. Gaudi’s architectural style describes a complete and straightforward method, providing an example of the spontaneous and basic methods. His artistic style allowed him to attain balanced forms comparable to which nature offers. Gaudi’s architecture portrays the totality of his artistic contribution of combining materials, methods and poetics (which is sculptural). His approach to furniture design was a graceful spatial continuum that goes beyond structural expression and integrates with the sculptural idea. Conversely, Mies structural designs of traditional custom houses were pulled away by critics/progressive theorists for attaching historical ornament unrelated to a modern structure’s underlying construction. The earth-resting structure of Mies defies the concept of earth-rooted type of architecture. Critics suggest Mies designs which do not reflect to the environment. The structures built by him do not complement with the landscape or the environment itself. Mies architectural designs are more of an isolated type of structures which doesn’t fit to most of the people’s interest. Earth-resting architecture does not relate to the earth or landscape of the buildings which appears to be off-nature to the progressive theorists/critics of Mies.